Christ’s Nature

There is quite a lot of discussion on whether Jesus took on a form of human nature like Adam had before he sinned or after he sinned or like humanity at the time He was born, etc.  A part of the discussion also involves the issue of sin in human nature.  In an effort to help clarify these things, we offer the following:

A selection of quotes from the Pen of Inspiration

The human nature of Christ was like unto ours. And suffering was really more keenly felt by Him, for His spiritual nature was free from every taint of sin. The aversion to suffering was in proportion to its severity. His desire for the removal of suffering was just as strong as human beings experience. . . .

How intense was the desire of the humanity of Christ to escape the displeasure of an offended God; how His soul longed for relief is shown in the words of the Sufferer, “Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt.”. . . All the accumulated sin of the world was laid upon the Sinbearer, the One who was innocent of all sin, the One who alone could be the propitiation for sin, because He Himself was obedient. His life was one with God. Not a taint of corruption was upon Him. CTr 268

We should have no misgivings in regard to the perfect sinlessness of the human nature of Christ. Our faith must be an intelligent faith, looking unto Jesus in perfect confidence, in full and entire faith in the atoning Sacrifice. This is essential that the soul may not be enshrouded in darkness. This holy Substitute is able to save to the uttermost; for He presented to the wondering universe perfect and complete humility in His human character, and perfect obedience to all the requirements of God. Divine power is placed upon man, that he may become a partaker of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust. This is why repenting, believing man can be made the righteousness of God in Christ. 1SM 256

He could have sinned; He could have fallen, but not for one moment was there in Him an evil propensity.

In taking upon Himself man’s nature in its fallen condition, Christ did not in the least participate in its sin. He was subject to the infirmities and weaknesses by which man is encompassed. . . . He was touched with the feeling of our infirmities, and was in all points tempted like as we are. And yet He “knew no sin.” He was the lamb “without blemish and without spot.” Could Satan in the least particular have tempted Christ to sin, he would have bruised the Saviour’s head. As it was, he could only touch His heel. Had the head of Christ been touched, the hope of the human race would have perished. Divine wrath would have come upon Christ as it came upon Adam. Christ and the church would have been without hope.

Not even by a thought could Christ be brought to yield to the power of temptation. . . . Christ declared of Himself, “The prince of this world cometh, and hath nothing in me.”

Jesus did not allow the enemy to pull Him into the mire of unbelief, or crowd Him into the mire of despondency and despair.

Christ’s humanity was united with divinity, and in this strength He would bear all the temptations that Satan could bring against Him, and yet keep His soul untainted by sin. And this power to overcome He would give to every son and daughter of Adam who would accept by faith the righteous attributes of His character. FLB 49

Jesus Himself, while He dwelt among men, was often in prayer. Our Saviour identified Himself with our needs and weakness, in that He became a suppliant, a petitioner, seeking from His Father fresh supplies of strength, that He might come forth braced for duty and trial. He is our example in all things. He is a brother in our infirmities, “in all points tempted like as we are;” but as the sinless one His nature recoiled from evil; He endured struggles and torture of soul in a world of sin. His humanity made prayer a necessity and a privilege. He found comfort and joy in communion with His Father. And if the Saviour of men, the Son of God, felt the need of prayer, how much more should feeble, sinful mortals feel the necessity of fervent, constant prayer.

Christ wrestled in earnest prayer; He offered up His supplications to the Father with strong crying and tears in behalf of those for whose salvation He had left heaven, and had come to this earth. Then how proper, yea, how essential that men should pray and not faint! Pr 168

He is a brother in our infirmities, but not in possessing like passions. As the sinless One, His nature recoiled from evil. He endured struggles and torture of soul in a world of sin. His humanity made prayer a necessity and privilege. He required all the stronger divine support and comfort which His Father was ready to impart to Him, to Him who had, for the benefit of man, left the joys of heaven and chosen His home in a cold and thankless world.

His doctrine dropped as the rain; His speech distilled as the dew. In the character of Christ was blended such majesty as God had never before displayed to fallen man, and such meekness as man had never developed. Never before had there walked among men one so noble, so pure, so benevolent, so conscious of His godlike nature; yet so simple, so full of plans and purposes to do good to humanity. While abhorring sin, He wept with compassion over the sinner. He pleased not Himself. The majesty of heaven clothed Himself with the humility of a child. This is the character of Christ. 7ABC 455

The Majesty of heaven, while engaged in His mission, was often in earnest prayer. He did not always visit Olivet, for His disciples had learned His favorite retreat, and often followed Him. He chose the stillness of night, when there would be no interruption. Jesus could heal the sick and raise the dead. He was Himself a source of blessing and strength. He commanded even the tempests, and they obeyed Him. He was unsullied with corruption, a stranger to sin; yet He prayed, and that often with strong crying and tears. He prayed for His disciples and for Himself, thus identifying Himself with our needs, our weaknesses, and our failings, which are so common with humanity. He was a mighty petitioner, not possessing the passions of our human, fallen natures, but compassed with like infirmities, tempted in all points even as we are. Jesus endured agony which required help and support from His Father. 2T 508

He took upon his sinless nature our sinful nature, that He might know how to succor those that are tempted. 7ABC 450

Avoid every question in relation to the humanity of Christ which is liable to be misunderstood. Truth lies close to the track of presumption. In treating upon the humanity of Christ, you need to guard strenuously every assertion, lest your words be taken to mean more than they imply, and thus you lose or dim the clear perceptions of His humanity as combined with divinity. His birth was a miracle of God. . . . Never, in any way, leave the slightest impression upon human minds that a taint of, or inclination to, corruption rested upon Christ, or that He in any way yielded to corruption. He was tempted in all points like as man is tempted, yet He is called “that holy thing.” It is a mystery that is left unexplained to mortals that Christ could be tempted in all points like as we are, and yet be without sin. The incarnation of Christ has ever been, and will ever remain, a mystery. That which is revealed, is for us and for our children, but let every human being be warned from the ground of making Christ altogether human, such an one as ourselves; for it cannot be. 7ABC 448

Be careful, exceedingly careful as to how you dwell upon the human nature of Christ. Do not set Him before the people as a man with the propensities of sin. He is the second Adam. The first Adam was created a pure, sinless being, without a taint of sin upon him; he was in the image of God. He could fall, and he did fall through transgressing. Because of sin his posterity was born with inherent propensities of disobedience. But Jesus Christ was the only begotten Son of God. He took upon Himself human nature, and was tempted in all points as human nature is tempted. He could have sinned; He could have fallen, but not for one moment was there in Him an evil propensity. He was assailed with temptations in the wilderness, as Adam was assailed with temptations in Eden. 5BC 1128

As the human was upon him, he felt his need of strength from his Father. He had select places of prayer. He loved the solitude of the mountain in which to hold communion with his Father in Heaven. In this exercise he was strengthened for the duties and trials of the day. Our Saviour identifies himself with our needs and weaknesses, in that he became a suppliant, a mightly petitioner, seeking from his Father fresh supplies of strength, to come forth invigorated and refreshed, braced for duty and trial. He is our example in all things. He is a brother in our infirmities, but not possessing like passions. As the sinless One his nature recoiled from evil. He endured struggles, and torture of soul, in a world of sin. His humanity made prayer a necessity, and privilege. He required all the divine support and comfort which his Father was ready to impart to his Son. Christ found comfort and joy in communion with his Father. Here he could unburden his sorrows that were crushing him. He was a Man of Sorrows, and acquainted with grief. PH169 2

Through being partakers of the divine nature we may stand pure and holy and undefiled. The Godhead was not made human, and the human was not deified by the blending together of the two natures. Christ did not possess the same sinful, corrupt, fallen disloyalty we possess, for then He could not be a perfect offering. Manuscript 94, 1893

A Summary

Christ was fully like us.

Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. Philippians 2:6-8

For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings. . . . Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil; And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. For verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of Abraham. Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people. For in that he himself hath suffered being tempted, he is able to succour them that are tempted. Hebrews 2:10, 14-18

For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. Hebrews 4:15

He took on himself our human nature in its fallen, sinful condition, being subject the same infirmities and weaknesses we experience. He identified Himself with our needs and failings. He endured struggles, agony, and torture of soul in a world of sin and felt the same aversion to suffering that we feel. He was assailed with all the forms of temptation we are confronted with and He could have sinned and fallen.

He was totally sinless.

For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. 2 Corinthians 5:21

Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot: 1 Peter 1:18, 19

And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. Luke 1:35

He did not possess the same sinful, corrupt, fallen disloyalty we possess nor the passions of our human, fallen natures. Not for one moment was there in Him an evil, sinful propensity. His nature recoiled from evil. His soul was free from every taint of sin, being completely innocent of it, abhorring it, a stranger to it. He did not in the least participate in the world’s sin. Not even by a thought did He yield to the power of temptation. Not an inclination nor a taint of corruption was upon Him; He did not in any way yield to it and was unsullied by it. He was one with God and lived in perfect obedience to all the requirements of God. He did not allow the enemy to pull Him into the mire of unbelief, or crowd Him into the mire of despondency and despair.

He became a partaker of our fallen, weak, tempted human nature so that we can be partakers of His pure, holy, undefiled Divine Nature.

The Nazarenes

And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene. Matthew 2:23

Jesus was a Nazarene.  His followers were later also called Nazarenes.  It is interesting to note what is said about Paul in Acts 24:5 and how he responds in the verses following:

For we have found this man a pestilent fellow, and a mover of sedition among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes: Acts 24:5

Then Paul, after that the governor had beckoned unto him to speak, answered, Forasmuch as I know that thou hast been of many years a judge unto this nation, I do the more cheerfully answer for myself: Because that thou mayest understand, that there are yet but twelve days since I went up to Jerusalem for to worship. And they neither found me in the temple disputing with any man, neither raising up the people, neither in the synagogues, nor in the city: Neither can they prove the things whereof they now accuse me. But this I confess unto thee, that after the way which they call heresy, so worship I the God of my fathers, believing all things which are written in the law and in the prophets: Acts 24:10-14

The name Nazarene was applied to someone who came from Nazareth. Jesus’ followers were called Nazarenes.  They possibly took the name in honor of Jesus who was called a Nazarene or they may have been called that name in a derogatory way related to the question “Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?” Another possibility (if they chose that name for themselves) may stem from what the word actually means in Hebrew. “Nazarenes” is translated from natsariym which is a plural form of natsar.

H5341 נצר nâtsar naw-tsar’

A primitive root; to guard, in a good sense (to protect, maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.): – besieged, hidden thing, keep (-er, -ing), monument, observe, preserve (-r), subtil, watcher (-man).

This word is used frequently in Psalms in a very interesting way.

All the paths of the LORD are mercy and truth unto such as keepH5341 his covenant and his testimonies. Psalm 25:10

That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keepH5341 his commandments: Psalm 78:7

That they might observe his statutes, and keepH5341 his laws. Praise ye the LORD. Psalm 105:45

Blessed are they that keepH5341 his testimonies, and that seek him with the whole heart. Psalm 119:2

Remove from me reproach and contempt; for I have keptH5341 thy testimonies. Psalm 119:22

Teach me, O LORD, the way of thy statutes; and I shall keepH5341 it unto the end. Psalm 119:33

Give me understanding, and I shall keepH5341 thy law; yea, I shall observe it with my whole heart. Psalm 119:34

The proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keepH5341 thy precepts with my whole heart. Psalm 119:69

Depart from me, ye evildoers: for I will keepH5341 the commandments of my God. Psalm 119:115

Thy testimonies are wonderful: therefore doth my soul keepH5341 them. Psalm 119:129

I cried with my whole heart; hear me, O LORD: I will keepH5341 thy statutes. Psalm 119:145

From these texts we could conclude that “Nazarenes” (natsariym) are keepers of God’s laws, precepts, statutes, etc.

I would like to point out that Nazarenes and Nazarites are not the same. The Hebrew words are very different in meaning even though there may be some similarities in the way they sound.

Nazarite–

H5139

נזר נזיר nâzı̂yr nâzir naw-zeer’, naw-zeer’

From H5144; separate, that is, consecrated (as prince, a Nazirite); hence (figuratively from the latter) an unpruned vine (like an unshorn Nazirite). (The translation, Nazarite, is by a false alliteration with Nazareth.): – Nazarite [by a false alliteration with Nazareth], separate (-d), vine undressed.

H5144

נזר nâzar naw-zar’

A primitive root; to hold aloof, that is, (intransitively) abstain (from food and drink, from impurity, and even from divine worship (that is, apostatize)); specifically to set apart (to sacred purposes), that is, devote: – consecrate, separate (-ing, self).

Nazarene–

H5341 נצר nâtsar naw-tsar’

A primitive root; to guard, in a good sense (to protect, maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.): – besieged, hidden thing, keep (-er, -ing), monument, observe, preserve (-r), subtil, watcher (-man).

Was Jesus a Nazarene for more than one reason?

Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Matthew 5:17, 18

“Nazarenes” are also watchmen.

For there shall be a day, that the watchmenH5341 upon the mount Ephraim shall cry, Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD our God. Jeremiah 31:6

According to Epiphanius of Salamis, the Nazarenes were a sect of Christianity that sprang from those who fled Jerusalem (in obedience to Jesus’ warning in Matthew 24) just before it was destroyed by the Romans in A.D. 70. They were very conscientiously Torah-observant. In his “Panarion,” written between 374 and 377, he included some interesting things about these people in the chapter called “Against Nazoraeans.” Keep in mind that he was a Roman Catholic “Christian” and categorizes the Nazarenes as “heretics.”

“They use not only the New Testament but the Old Testament as well, as the Jews do. For unlike the previous sectarians, they do not repudiate the legislation, the prophets, and the books Jews call ”Writings.” They have no different ideas, but confess everything exactly as the Law proclaims it and in the Jewish fashion-except for their belief in Christ, if you please! For they acknowledge both the resurrection of the dead and the divine creation of all things, and declare that God is one, and that his Son is Jesus Christ.

“They are trained to a nicety in Hebrew. For among them the entire Law, the prophets, and the so-called Writings-I mean the poetic books, Kings, Chronicles, Esther and all the rest-are read in Hebrew, as they surely are by Jews. They are different from Jews, and different from Christians, only in the following. They disagree with Jews because they have come to faith in Christ; but since they are still fettered by the Law-circumcision, the Sabbath, and the rest -they are not in accord with Christians.”

It is this group that is being described in the following paragraph:

Not one Christian perished in the destruction of Jerusalem. Christ had given His disciples warning, and all who believed His words watched for the promised sign. “When ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies,” said Jesus, “then know that the desolation thereof is nigh. Then let them which are in Judea flee to the mountains; and let them which are in the midst of it depart out.” Luke 21:20, 21. After the Romans under Cestius had surrounded the city, they unexpectedly abandoned the siege when everything seemed favorable for an immediate attack. The besieged, despairing of successful resistance, were on the point of surrender, when the Roman general withdrew his forces without the least apparent reason. But God’s merciful providence was directing events for the good of His own people. The promised sign had been given to the waiting Christians, and now an opportunity was offered for all who would, to obey the Saviour’s warning. Events were so overruled that neither Jews nor Romans should hinder the flight of the Christians. Upon the retreat of Cestius, the Jews, sallying from Jerusalem, pursued after his retiring army; and while both forces were thus fully engaged, the Christians had an opportunity to leave the city. At this time the country also had been cleared of enemies who might have endeavored to intercept them. At the time of the siege, the Jews were assembled at Jerusalem to keep the Feast of Tabernacles, and thus the Christians throughout the land were able to make their escape unmolested. Without delay they fled to a place of safety–the city of Pella, in the land of Perea, beyond Jordan. (The Great Controversy, p. 30, 31)

An interesting part of Paul’s story is recorded in Acts 21.

And when we were come to Jerusalem, the brethren received us gladly. And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all the elders were present. And when he had saluted them, he declared particularly what things God had wrought among the Gentiles by his ministry. And when they heard it, they glorified the Lord, and said unto him, Thou seest, brother, how many thousands of Jews there are which believe; and they are all zealous of the law: And they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews which are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought not to circumcise their children, neither to walk after the customs. What is it therefore? the multitude must needs come together: for they will hear that thou art come. Do therefore this that we say to thee: We have four men which have a vow on them; Them take, and purify thyself with them, and be at charges with them, that they may shave their heads: and all may know that those things, whereof they were informed concerning thee, are nothing; but that thou thyself also walkest orderly, and keepest the law. Acts 21:17-24

Apparently many of the believing Jews misunderstood what Paul was advocating and thought that he was anti-Torah. James and all the elders wanted him to prove that this was not the case, which indicates that they themselves were not anti-Torah.

The Final Drama

The Last Days of Earth

Current conditions and events that were predicted over 100 years ago:

There will be many great failures in earthly banks, and speculations, including mining and real estate. (Ellen G. White, An Adventist Apocalypse, p. 23)

In the world gigantic monopolies will be formed. Men will bind themselves together in unions that will wrap them in the folds of the enemy. A few men will combine to grasp all the means to be obtained in certain lines of business. Trades unions will be formed, and those who refuse to join these unions will be marked men. (Ibid., p. 164)

Money will soon depreciate in value very suddenly when the reality of eternal scenes opens to the senses of man. (White, The True Missionary, January 1, 1874)

The present is a time of overwhelming interest to all living. Rulers and statesmen, men who occupy positions of trust and authority, thinking men and women of all classes, have their attention fixed upon the events taking place about us. They are watching the strained, restless relations that exist among the nations. They observe the intensity that is taking possession of every earthly element, and they recognize that something great and decisive is about to take place – that the world is on the verge of a stupendous crisis.

Angels are now restraining the winds of strife, that they may not blow until the world shall be warned of its coming doom; but a storm is gathering, ready to burst upon the earth; and when God shall bid His angels loose the winds, there will be such a scene of strife as no pen can picture.

The Bible, and the Bible only, gives a correct view of these things. Here are revealed the great final scenes in the history of our world, events that already are casting their shadows before, the sound of their approach causing the earth to tremble and men’s hearts to fail them for fear. (White, Education, p. 179, 180)

Those who hold the reins of government are unable to solve the problem of poverty, pauperism, and increasing crime. They are struggling in vain to place business operations on a more secure basis. (White, The Ministry of Healing, p. 183)

There will soon be a sudden change in God’s dealings. The world in its perversity is being visited by casualties, – by floods, storms, fires, earthquakes, famines, wars, and bloodshed. . . . Who is prepared for the sudden change that will take place in God’s dealing with sinful men? Who will be prepared to escape the punishment that will certainly fall upon transgressors? (White, Special Testimonies on Education, p. 133)

I have seen the most costly structures erected, and supposed to be fireproof, and just as Sodom perished in the flames of God’s vengeance, so will these proud structures become ashes. I have seen vessels, seeking to breast the angry billows. But with all their treasures of gold and silver, and with their human freight they sink into a watery grave. . . . The time is right upon us when there will be sorrow in the world that no human balm can heal. The flattering monuments of men’s greatness will be crumbled in the dust, even before the last great destruction comes upon the world. (White, An Adventist Apocalypse, p. 143)

Human beings are suffering the results of their own course of action in departing from the commandments of God. The beasts also suffer under the curse. Disease in cattle is making meat-eating a dangerous matter. The Lord’s curse is upon the earth, upon man, upon beasts, upon the fish, and as transgression becomes almost universal, the curse will be permitted to become as broad and as deep as the transgression. Disease is contracted by the use of meat. The diseased flesh of these dead carcasses is sold in the market-places, and disease among men is the sure result. . . . There is no safety in eating of the flesh of dead animals, and in a short time the milk of the cows will also be excluded from the diet. . . . In a short time it will not be safe to use anything that comes from the animal creation. (White, Pacific Union Recorder, November 7, 1901)

On one occasion, when in New York City, I was in the night season called upon to behold buildings rising story after story toward heaven. These buildings were warranted to be fireproof, and they were erected to glorify the owners and builders. Higher and still higher these buildings rose, and in them the most costly material was used. Those to whom these buildings belonged were not asking themselves: “How can we best glorify God?” The Lord was not in their thoughts.

As these lofty buildings went up, the owners rejoiced with ambitious pride that they had money to use in gratifying self and provoking the envy of their neighbors. Much of the money that they thus invested had been obtained through exaction, through grinding down the poor. They forgot that in heaven an account of every business transaction is kept; every unjust deal, every fraudulent act, is there recorded. The time is coming when in their fraud and insolence men will reach a point that the Lord will not permit them to pass, and they will learn that there is a limit to the forbearance of Jehovah.

The scene that next passed before me was an alarm of fire. Men looked at the lofty and supposedly fire-proof buildings and said: “They are perfectly safe.” But these buildings were consumed as if made of pitch. The fire engines could do nothing to stay the destruction. The firemen were unable to operate the engines. (White, Testimonies for the Church, Volume 9, p. 12, 13)

The prophecies of Revelation are relevant for our time.

There are 3 very significant end-time powers mentioned in Revelation that are important for us to understand.–

Revelation 12–The Dragon

And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.   And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: . . . And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels,   And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven.   And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him. Revelation 12:3-9

The dragon is clearly identified as Satan.

Revelation 13–The Beast like a Leopard

And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.   And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority.   And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast.   And they worshiped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: and they worshiped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who is able to make war with him?   And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months.   And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven.   And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations.   And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.   If any man have an ear, let him hear.   He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity: he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints. Revelation 13:1-10

Several points lead to the conclusion that this beast symbolizes the Roman Catholic papacy:

1) it received its power, seat, and authority from the dragon (verse 2) – the papacy is a continuation of the pagan Imperial Roman Empire;

2) it has worldwide influence (verses 3, 7) (catholic means “universal”);

3) it is a religious power (verse 4) – it receives worship;

4) it is guilty of blasphemy (verses 1, 6) According to the Bible, it is blasphemy to claim power to forgive sins (Luke 5:21), to falsely profess to be God’s people (Rev. 2:9), and to claim to be equal with God (John 10:33) – the papacy makes all of these claims;

5) it had power for 42 prophetic months (1260 years) (verse 5) – the papacy had almost total supremacy in European politics from A.D. 538 to 1798;

6) it received a deadly wound (verse 3) – the pope was taken prisoner in 1798 by Napoleon’s general, Alexander Bertier, and died in exile;

7) its deadly wound was healed (verse 3) – In 1929, Benito Mussolini granted the pope full authority over the state of Vatican City and the papacy has regained incredible worldwide power and influence since that time;

8) it persecutes the saints (verse 7) – the papacy persecuted and killed millions of conscientious Christians during the Middle Ages and will do this again;

9) it has the mysterious number 666 (verse 18) – One of the pope’s titles is “Vicar of the Son of God,” which is “Vicarius Filii Dei” in Latin (the official language of the church). When the letters in this name are given their Roman numeral value they equal 666 (I = 1, V [or U] = 5, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500).

There are many similarities between this beast and the “Little Horn” described in Daniel 7 & 8 and the “King of the North” of Daniel 11. A similar description can be found in 2 Thessalonians 2:2-12.

Revelation 13–The Beast like a Lamb

And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon.   And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed.   And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men,   And deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the wound by a sword, and did live.   And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.   And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads:   And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Revelation 13:11-17

Several points lead to the conclusion that this beast symbolizes the United States:

1) it rises out of the earth (verse 11) – water symbolizes multitudes of people (see Revelation 17:15) – the first beast rose from an area of great population (Europe); earth would symbolize an area of low population – the U.S. developed out of the sparsely inhabited New World;

2) it appears after the first beast – the U.S. was becoming a nation at about the same time the papacy received its “deadly wound” in 1798;

3) it is portrayed as a lamb (verse 11) – the U.S. was not a great conquering empire like the other world powers portrayed in Bible prophecy as great beasts of prey;

4) it speaks like a dragon (verse 11) – the lamb symbolizes Christ, the dragon symbolizes Satan; the U.S. appears Christian but begins acting out Satan’s principles with great authority;

5) it exercises its power and does great wonders “in the sight of”, or in the presence of, the first beast (verse 12) – the U.S. and the papacy exist together as great world powers.

It is important to understand that “great wonders” or miracles are not a positive sign that the miracle-worker, his message, or his works are from God. (see Deuteronomy 13:1-5 and Revelation 16:14) Since the miracles that this lamb-like power does are intended to deceive, they cannot be of divine origin.

Much of this description predicts what the United States will do when it becomes controlled by apostate Christianity and allies itself with the papacy near the end of time. It will:

1) cause everyone to follow and worship the papacy;

2) use miracles of Satanic origin for purposes of deception;

3) develop a religious system resembling the papacy;

4) eliminate religious freedom by imposing the death penalty on all who won’t obey;

5) develop a system of identification;

6) control business to force everyone to conform.

Near the end, these 3 symbolic beasts join together in an alliance against God –

And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon (Satan / spiritualism), and out of the mouth of the beast (the papacy), and out of the mouth of the false prophet (US / apostate Christianity [see Revelation 19:20]).   For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. Revelation 16:13, 14

The United States will join with the Papacy and Satan to influence the whole world against God.

God’s Law, His Ten Commandments, will be ignored, hated, and finally rejected and abolished by men –

The word of God plainly declares that his law is to be scorned, trampled upon, by the world; there will be an extraordinary prevalence of iniquity. The professed Protestant world will form a confederacy with the man of sin, and the church and the world will be in corrupt harmony.

Here the great crisis is coming upon the world. The Scriptures teach that popery is to regain its lost supremacy, and that the fires of persecution will be rekindled through the time serving concessions of the so-called Protestant world. In this time of peril we can stand only as we have the truth and the power of God. Men can know the truth only by being themselves partakers of the divine nature. We have need now for more than human wisdom in reading and searching the Scriptures; and if we come to God’s word with humble hearts, he will raise up a standard for us against the lawless element. (White, 1891 Manuscript, p. 318)

There are some very significant, misleading errors in popular Christian theology today –

ERROR: God’s law was nailed to the cross; we don’t need to be concerned about keeping it because we are saved by grace.

This idea is based on a misunderstanding of certain Bible verses:

 (1) Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; Colossians 2:14

Correction: We are told clearly what was eliminated at the cross:

And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, . . . Daniel 9:27

Only the law of sacrifice and oblation, of temple ceremonies and priestly rituals, ended at the cross. The covenant, which included the moral law of Ten Commandments, was confirmed and is still our standard for godly living.

(2) For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God:   Not of works, lest any man should boast. Ephesians 2:8, 9

Correction: We are not saved because of our good works; but neither will we be saved without them. The very next verse tells us that God created us for the purpose of doing good works.

For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them. Ephesians 2:10

By this we know that we know Him, if we keep His commandments. He who says, I know Him, and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him. 1 John 2:3, 4

If you love me, keep my commandments. John 14:15

But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves. For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man observing his natural face in a mirror; for he observes himself, goes away, and immediately forgets what kind of man he was. James 1:22-24

Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city. Revelation 22:14

Works is what we do and say, how we live, as a result of our faith. We do what God wants because we believe and love Him. If we do not live according to His righteous standards, He will not save us.

(3) For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace. Romans 6:14

Correction: When Paul writes that we are not under the law, he means we are not condemned by the law. God’s grace delivers us from the curse of the law, death, but not from the obligation to obey that law. Grace is not a license to disobey; rather, it provides a release from condemnation. We are freed from death, which is the final result of sin, but we are not freed from obedience to the law. According to the very next verse, we still need to live by the law:

What then? Shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid. Romans 6:15

Sin is defined for us like this:

Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law. 1 John 3:4

The Catholic Church attempted to change the Ten Commandments by removing the 2nd, changing the 4th and making it the 3rd, and dividing the 10th into 2:

1. I am the Lord thy god. Thou shalt not have strange gods before Me.
2. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.
3. Remember that thou keep holy the Sabbath day.
4. Honor thy father and thy mother.
5. Thou shalt not kill.
6. Thou shalt not commit adultery.
7. Thou shalt not steal.
8. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.
9. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s wife.
10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s goods.

(The General Catholic Catechism)

Correction: Here is the way God originally gave His Ten Commandments:

1. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.
2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:   Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;   And showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.
3. Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
4. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.   Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work:   But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:   For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.
5. Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.
6. Thou shalt not kill.
7. Thou shalt not commit adultery.
8. Thou shalt not steal.
9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s. (Exodus 20:3-17)

“I wonder exceedingly how it came to be imputed to me that I should reject the law of Ten Commandments . . . Whosoever abrogates the law must of necessity abrogate sin also.” (Martin Luther, “Spiritual Antichrist,” pages 71, 72)

No error accepted by the Christian world strikes more boldly against the authority of Heaven, none is more directly opposed to the dictates of reason, none is more pernicious in its results, than the modern doctrine, so rapidly gaining ground, that God’s law is no longer binding upon men. Every nation has its laws, which command respect and obedience; no government could exist without them; and can it be conceived that the Creator of the heavens and the earth has no law to govern the beings He has made? Suppose that prominent ministers were publicly to teach that the statutes which govern their land and protect the rights of its citizens were not obligatory – that they restricted the liberties of the people, and therefore ought not to be obeyed; how long would such men be tolerated in the pulpit? But is it a graver offense to disregard the laws of states and nations than to trample upon those divine precepts which are the foundation of all government?

It would be far more consistent for nations to abolish their statutes, and permit the people to do as they please, than for the Ruler of the universe to annul His law, and leave the world without a standard to condemn the guilty or justify the obedient. Would we know the result of making void the law of God? The experiment has been tried. Terrible were the scenes enacted in France when atheism became the controlling power. It was then demonstrated to the world that to throw off the restraints which God has imposed is to accept the rule of the cruelest of tyrants. When the standard of righteousness is set aside, the way is open for the prince of evil to establish his power in the earth.

Wherever the divine precepts are rejected, sin ceases to appear sinful or righteousness desirable. Those who refuse to submit to the government of God are wholly unfitted to govern themselves. Through their pernicious teachings the spirit of insubordination is implanted in the hearts of children and youth, who are naturally impatient of control; and a lawless, licentious state of society results. While scoffing at the credulity of those who obey the requirements of God, the multitudes eagerly accept the delusions of Satan. They give the rein to lust and practice the sins which have called down judgments upon the heathen.

Those who teach the people to regard lightly the commandments of God sow disobedience to reap disobedience. Let the restraint imposed by the divine law be wholly cast aside, and human laws would soon be disregarded. Because God forbids dishonest practices, coveting, lying, and defrauding, men are ready to trample upon His statutes as a hindrance to their worldly prosperity; but the results of banishing these precepts would be such as they do not anticipate. If the law were not binding, why should any fear to transgress? Property would no longer be safe. Men would obtain their neighbor’s possessions by violence, and the strongest would become richest. Life itself would not be respected. The marriage vow would no longer stand as a sacred bulwark to protect the family. He who had the power, would, if he desired, take his neighbor’s wife by violence. The fifth commandment would be set aside with the fourth. Children would not shrink from taking the life of their parents if by so doing they could obtain the desire of their corrupt hearts. The civilized world would become a horde of robbers and assassins; and peace, rest, and happiness would be banished from the earth. (White, The Great Controversy, p. 584, 585)

ERROR: The soul is immortal. When a person dies, their soul leaves their body and goes to its eternal reward – heaven for the good people, hell for the wicked.

Correction: We are not born immortal. The reward for a life of sin is death, not unending life in torment. Immortality in paradise is a special gift God gives only to those who come to Him through Jesus.

Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die. Ezekiel 18:4

For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. Romans 6:23

Correction: These rewards are not given to a person at the time of their death, but at the end of the world when Jesus Christ comes.

And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise: God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect. Hebrews 11:39, 40

For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent (precede) them which are asleep. For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord. 1 Thessalonians 4:15-17

For I know that my redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth: And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God: Whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall behold, and not another; though my reins be consumed within me. Job 19:25-27

And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be. Revelation 22:12

The saints who died before Jesus comes did not “receive the promise”, they were not “made perfect” before those who are still alive until He comes; and those who are alive at that time do not precede those who died. All saints go to be with the Lord at the same time – at His second advent. Even the great king David did not receive his eternal reward when he died.

Men and brethren, let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his sepulcher is with us unto this day. . . . For David is not ascended into the heavens: . . . Acts 2:29, 34

The dead are merely “sleeping” in their graves, oblivious to everything that is happening on the earth.

These things said he: and after that he saith unto them, Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep.   Then said his disciples, Lord, if he sleep, he shall do well.   Howbeit Jesus spake of his death: but they thought that he had spoken of taking of rest in sleep.   Then said Jesus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead. John 11:11-14

For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten. Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion forever in any thing that is done under the sun. Ecclesiastes 9:5, 6

His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish. Psalm 146:4

The only one who promised Adam life in disobedience was the great deceiver. And the declaration of the serpent to Eve in Eden,”Ye shall not surely die,” was the first sermon ever preached upon the immortality of the soul. Yet this declaration, resting solely upon the authority of Satan, is echoed from the pulpits of Christendom and is received by the majority of mankind as readily as it was received by our first parents. The divine sentence, “The soul that sinneth, it shall die” (Ezekiel 18:20), is made to mean: The soul that sinneth, it shall not die, but live eternally. We cannot but wonder at the strange infatuation which renders men so credulous concerning the words of Satan and so unbelieving in regard to the words of God. (Ibid., p. 533)

Upon the fundamental error of natural immortality rests the doctrine of consciousness in death – a doctrine, like eternal torment, opposed to the teachings of the Scriptures, to the dictates of reason, and to our feelings of humanity. According to the popular belief, the redeemed in heaven are acquainted with all that takes place on the earth and especially with the lives of the friends whom they have left behind. But how could it be a source of happiness to the dead to know the troubles of the living, to witness the sins committed by their own loved ones, and to see them enduring all the sorrows, disappointments, and anguish of life? How much of heaven’s bliss would be enjoyed by those who were hovering over their friends on earth? And how utterly revolting is the belief that as soon as the breath leaves the body the soul of the impenitent is consigned to the flames of hell! To what depths of anguish must those be plunged who see their friends passing to the grave unprepared, to enter upon an eternity of woe and sin! Many have been driven to insanity by this harrowing thought. (Ibid., p. 545)

The doctrine of man’s consciousness in death, especially the belief that spirits of the dead return to minister to the living, has prepared the way for modern spiritualism. If the dead are admitted to the presence of God and holy angels, and privileged with knowledge far exceeding what they before possessed, why should they not return to the earth to enlighten and instruct the living? If, as taught by popular theologians, spirits of the dead are hovering about their friends on earth, why should they not be permitted to communicate with them, to warn them against evil, or to comfort them in sorrow? How can those who believe in man’s consciousness in death reject what comes to them as divine light communicated by glorified spirits? Here is a channel regarded as sacred, through which Satan works for the accomplishment of his purposes. The fallen angels who do his bidding appear as messengers from the spirit world. While professing to bring the living into communication with the dead, the prince of evil exercises his bewitching influence upon their minds.

He has power to bring before men the appearance of their departed friends. The counterfeit is perfect; the familiar look, the words, the tone, are reproduced with marvelous distinctness. Many are comforted with the assurance that their loved ones are enjoying the bliss of heaven, and without suspicion of danger, they give ear “to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils.

When they have been led to believe that the dead actually return to communicate with them, Satan causes those to appear who went into the grave unprepared. They claim to be happy in heaven and even to occupy exalted positions there, and thus the error is widely taught that no difference is made between the righteous and the wicked. The pretended visitants from the world of spirits sometimes utter cautions and warnings which prove to be correct. Then, as confidence is gained, they present doctrines that directly undermine faith in the Scriptures. With an appearance of deep interest in the well-being of their friends on earth, they insinuate the most dangerous errors. The fact that they state some truths, and are able at times to foretell future events, gives to their statements an appearance of reliability; and their false teachings are accepted by the multitudes as readily, and believed as implicitly, as if they were the most sacred truths of the Bible. The law of God is set aside, the Spirit of grace despised, the blood of the covenant counted an unholy thing. The spirits deny the deity of Christ and place even the Creator on a level with themselves. Thus under a new disguise the great rebel still carries on his warfare against God, begun in heaven and for nearly six thousand years continued upon the earth. (Ibid., p. 551, 552)

ERROR: Sunday is a holy worship day.

Correction: Saturday, the 7th day of the week, is God’s true, holy Sabbath; Sunday, the 1st day of the week, is a false, corrupted, worship day that should not be considered to be any more than an ordinary working day –

Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.   Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work:   But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:   For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. Exodus 20:8-11

Thus saith the Lord GOD; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened. Ezekiel 46:1

There is no statement anywhere in the Bible to indicate that the 1st day of the week should be considered a holy day. There are only eight texts in the New Testament that mention the first day of the week. (The term “Sunday” is not in the Bible) The first five texts deal only with Jesus’ resurrection:

In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre. Matthew 28:1

And very early in the morning the first day of the week, they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of the sun. Mark 16:2

Now when Jesus was risen early the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had cast seven devils. Mark 16:9

Now upon the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they came unto the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had prepared, and certain others with them. Luke 24:1

The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre. John 20:1

We will now discuss the last three of these texts:

Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you. John 20:19

At this point in time, the disciples did not even believe that the resurrection had taken place (Mark 16:14). They had met in the upper room for “fear of the Jews” and had the doors bolted shut. There is no indication that they thought of Sunday as a holy day.

And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight. Acts 20:7

According to the Bible, each day begins at sundown and ends at the next sundown. (Genesis 1:5, etc, and Leviticus 23:32) The dark part of the day comes first. Sabbath begins Friday night at sundown and ends Saturday night at sundown. This meeting was held on the dark part of Sunday, or on what we now call Saturday night because Paul was “ready to depart on the morrow.” (The New English Bible puts Acts 20:7 like this: “On the Saturday night in our assembly,” etc.) The meeting lasted all night, interrupted only briefly at midnight by Eutychus’ fall from the window and a meal. Paul was on a farewell tour and knew that he would not see the people again before his death (verse 25). No wonder he preached so long. (No regular weekly service would have lasted all night.) The “breaking of bread” has no “holy day” significance whatever, because they broke bread daily. (Acts 2:46) This expression merely means that they ate a meal together. On the day following this meeting (Sunday), the group of missionaries travelled on to their next destination. Paul walked and the others sailed by ship. They would not have done this if it had been considered a holy day. There is no indication in this Scripture passage that the first day is holy, nor that these early Christians considered it so. Nor is there the remotest evidence that the Sabbath had been changed. God has never asked anyone to observe Sunday as a holy day for any reason whatever.

Upon the first day of the week let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I come. 1 Corinthians 16:2

There is no reference here to a public meeting. The money was to be laid aside privately at home. There was a famine in Judea (Rom. 15:25; Acts 11:26-30) and Paul was writing to ask the churches in Asia Minor to send some relief funds to their needy brothers. These Christians all kept Sabbath holy, so Paul suggested that on Sunday morning, after the Sabbath was over (which was the time they paid bills and settled accounts) they put aside something so it would be on hand when he came. Notice also that there is no reference here to Sunday as a holy day. In fact, the Bible nowhere suggests or commands Sunday-keeping.

I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s day, … Revelation 1:10

Here is another verse that is often misunderstood. Contrary to what many Christians believe and teach, and what many Bible margins and notes show, “the Lord’s day” spoken about here is not Sunday; it is Sabbath, the 7th day, Saturday.

And he said unto them, The Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath: Therefore the Son of man is Lord also of the Sabbath. Mark 2:27-28

God made the Sabbath holy at the time of creation. It has been kept throughout history and will be kept in the New Earth.

For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith the LORD, so shall your seed and your name remain. And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the LORD. Isaiah 66:22-23

God made the 7th day holy at the time of creation and called it the Sabbath. It is the true Lord’s Day. He did not bless any other day.

“It is a fact generally admitted by Protestants that the Scriptures give no authority for the change of the Sabbath. This is plainly stated in publications issued by the American Tract Society and the American Sunday School Union. One of these works acknowledges “the complete silence of the New Testament so far as any explicit command for the Sabbath [Sunday, the first day of the week] or definite rules for its observance are concerned.” – George Elliott, The Abiding Sabbath, page 184.

“Up to the time of Christ’s death, no change had been made in the day;” and, “so far as the record shows, they [the apostles] did not . . . give any explicit command enjoining the abandonment of the seventh-day Sabbath, and its observance on the first day of the week.” – A. E. Waffle, The Lord’s Day, pages 186-188.

Roman Catholics acknowledge that the change of the Sabbath was made by their church, and declare that Protestants by observing the Sunday are recognizing her power. In the Catholic Catechism of Christian Religion, in answer to a question as to the day to be observed in obedience to the fourth commandment, this statement is made: “During the old law, Saturday was the day sanctified; but the church, instructed by Jesus Christ, and directed by the Spirit of God, has substituted Sunday for Saturday; so now we sanctify the first, not the seventh day. Sunday means, and now is, the day of the Lord.

As the sign of the authority of the Catholic Church, papist writers cite “the very act of changing the Sabbath into Sunday, which Protestants allow of; . . . because by keeping Sunday, they acknowledge the church’s power to ordain feasts, and to command them under sin.” – Henry Tuberville, An Abridgment of the Christian Doctrine, page 58. What then is the change of the Sabbath, but the sign, or mark, of the authority of the Roman Church, “the mark of the beast”? (Ibid., p. 447, 448)

Many Protestant thought leaders acknowledge that Sunday sacredness has no scriptural authority:

Anglican:

“And where are we told in the Scriptures that we are to keep the first day at all? We are commanded to keep the seventh; but we are nowhere commanded to keep the first day… The reason why we keep the first day of the week holy instead of the seventh is for the same reason that we observe many other things, not because the Bible, but because the Church, has enjoined it.” (Isaac Williams, Plain Sermons on the Catechism, pages 334, 336)

Baptist:

“There was and is a command to keep holy the Sabbath day, but that Sabbath day was not Sunday. It will however be readily said, and with some show of triumph, that the Sabbath was transferred from the seventh to the first day of the week, with all its duties, privileges and sanctions. Earnestly desiring information on this subject, which I have studied for many years, I ask, where can the record of such a transaction be found: Not in the New Testament – absolutely not. There is no scriptural evidence of the change of the Sabbath institution from the seventh to the first day of the week.” (Dr. E. T. Hiscox, author of the “Baptist Manual”)

Dwight L. Moody:

“I honestly believe that this commandment [the fourth, or Sabbath commandment] is just as binding today as it ever was. I have talked with men who have said that it has been abrogated, but they have never been able to point to any place in the Bible where God repealed it. When Christ was on earth, He did nothing to set it aside; He freed it from the traces under which the scribes and Pharisees had put it, and gave it its true place. ‘The Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath.’ It is just as practicable and as necessary for men today as it ever was-in fact, more than ever, because we live in such an intense age.” (D.L. Moody, “Weighed and Wanting,” page 46)

Southern Baptist:

“The first four commandments set forth man’s obligations directly toward God. … But when we keep the first four commandments, we are likely to keep the other six. … The fourth commandment sets forth God’s claim on man’s time and thought. … The six days of labour and the rest on the Sabbath are to be maintained as a witness to God’s toil and rest in the creation. … No one of the ten words is of merely racial significance. … The Sabbath was established originally (long before Moses) in no special connection with the Hebrews, but as an institution for all mankind, in commemoration of God’s rest after the six days of creation. It was designed for all the descendants of Adam.” (Adult Quarterly, Southern Baptist Convention series, August 15, 1937)

Biblical Encyclopedia

“Sunday was a name given by the heathens to the first day of the week, because it was the day on which they worshipped the sun, … the seventh day was blessed and hallowed by God Himself, and … He requires His creatures to keep it holy to Him. This commandment is of universal and perpetual obligation … The Creator ‘blessed the seventh day’-declared it to be a day above all days, a day- on which His favour should assuredly rest. … So long, then, as man exists, and the world around him endures,’ does the law of the early Sabbath remain. It cannot be set aside so long as its foundations last. … It is not the Jewish Sabbath, properly so-called, which is ordained in the fourth commandment. In the whole of that injunction there is no Jewish element, any more than there is in the third commandment, or the sixth.” (Eadie’s Biblical Cyclopedia, 1872 Edition, page 561)

John Milner:

“The first precept in the Bible is that of sanctifying the seventh day: ‘God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it.’ Genesis 2:3. This precept was confirmed by God in the Ten Commandments: ‘Remember the Sabbath day to keep It holy. … The seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God.’ Exodus 20: 8, 10. On the other hand, Christ declares that He is not come to destroy the law, but to fulfil it. (Matthew 5: 17.) He Himself observed the Sabbath: ‘And, as His custom was, He went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day.’ Luke 4: 16. His disciples likewise observed it after His death: ‘They … rested the Sabbath day, according to the commandment.’ Luke 23: 56. Yet with all this weight of Scripture authority for keeping the Sabbath or seventh day holy, Protestants of all denominations make this a profane day and transfer the obligation of it to the first day of the week, or the Sunday. Now what authority have they for doing this? None at all but the unwritten word, or tradition of the Catholic Church, which declares that the apostle made the change in honour of Christ’s resurrection, and the descent of the Holy Ghost on that day of the week.” (John Milner, “The End of Religious Controversy,” page 71)

The Sabbath will be an important issue in the near future.

In his work Satan pretends to be very religious. He finds this the most effective way of carrying on the work he began in heaven. Under his guidance the Christian world has made void the law of God by tearing down the seventh-day Sabbath, and exalting in its stead a common working day. As men depart further and further from God, Satan is permitted to have power over the children of disobedience. He hurls destruction among men. There is calamity by land and sea. Property and life are destroyed by fire and flood. (White, The Review and Herald, July 6, 1901)

The Sabbath will be the great test of loyalty, for it is the point of truth especially controverted. When the final test shall be brought to bear upon men, then the line of distinction will be drawn between those who serve God and those who serve Him not. While the observance of the false sabbath in compliance with the law of the state, contrary to the fourth commandment, will be an avowal of allegiance to a power that is in opposition to God, the keeping of the true Sabbath, in obedience to God’s law, is an evidence of loyalty to the Creator. While one class, by accepting the sign of submission to earthly powers, receive the mark of the beast, the other choosing the token of allegiance to divine authority, receive the seal of God. (White, The Great Controversy, p. 605)

The substitution of the false for the true is the last act in the drama. When this substitution becomes universal, God will reveal himself. When the laws of men are exalted above the laws of God, when the powers of this earth try to force men to keep the first day of the week, know that the time has come for God to work. He will arise in His majesty, and will shake terribly the earth. He will come out of His place to punish the inhabitants of the world for their iniquity. The earth shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain. (White, The Review and Herald, April, 23, 1901)

Roman Catholicism is strongly opposed to liberty of conscience.

The papal church will never relinquish her claim to infallibility. All that she has done in her persecution of those who reject her dogmas she holds to be right; and would she not repeat the same acts, should the opportunity be presented? Let the restraints now imposed by secular governments be removed and Rome be reinstated in her former power, and there would speedily be a revival of her tyranny and persecution.

A well-known writer speaks thus of the attitude of the papal hierarchy as regards freedom of conscience, and of the perils which especially threaten the United States from the success of her policy:

‘There are many who are disposed to attribute any fear of Roman Catholicism in the United States to bigotry or childishness. Such see nothing in the character and attitude of Romanism that is hostile to our free institutions, or find nothing portentous in its growth. Let us, then, first compare some of the fundamental principles of our government with those of the Catholic Church.

‘The Constitution of the United States guarantees liberty of conscience. Nothing is dearer or more fundamental. Pope Pius IX, in his Encyclical Letter of August 15, 1854, said: The absurd and erroneous doctrines or ravings in defense of liberty of conscience are a most pestilential error – a pest, of all others, most to be dreaded in a state.’ The same pope, in his Encyclical Letter of December 8, 1864, anathematized those who assert the liberty of conscience and of religious worship,’ also ‘all such as maintain that the church may not employ force.’

‘The pacific tone of Rome in the United States does not imply a change of heart. She is tolerant where she is helpless. Says Bishop O’connor: ‘Religious liberty is merely endured until the opposite can be carried into effect without peril to the Catholic world.’ … The archbishop of St. Louis once said: ‘Heresy and unbelief are crimes; and in Christian countries, as in Italy and Spain, for instance, where all the people are Catholics, and where the Catholic religion is an essential part of the law of the land, they are punished as other crimes.’ …

‘Every cardinal, archbishop, and bishop in the Catholic Church takes an oath of allegiance to the pope, in which occur the following words: ‘Heretics, schismatics, and rebels to our said lord (the pope), or his aforesaid successors, I will to my utmost persecute and oppose.'” – Josiah Strong, Our Country, ch. 5, pars. 2-4. (White, The Great Controversy, p. 564, 565)

It was the policy of Rome to obliterate every trace of dissent from her doctrines or decrees. Everything heretical, whether persons or writings, was destroyed. A single expression of doubt, a question as to the authority of papal dogmas, was enough to cost the life of rich or poor, high or low. Rome endeavored also to destroy every record of her cruelty toward dissenters. Papal councils decreed that books and writings containing such records should be committed to the flames. Before the invention of printing, books were few in number, and in a form not favorable for preservation; therefore there was little to prevent the Romanists from carrying out their purpose.

No church within the limits of Romish jurisdiction was long left undisturbed in the enjoyment of freedom of conscience. No sooner had the papacy obtained power than she stretched out her arms to crush all that refused to acknowledge her sway, and one after another, the churches submitted to her dominion. (White, The Spirit of Prophecy, Book 4, p. 66, 67)

Protestantism will join with Roman Catholicism to create a system to persecute God’s people.

The Protestants of the United States will be foremost in stretching their hands across the gulf to grasp the hand of spiritualism; they will reach over the abyss to clasp hands with the Roman power; and under the influence of this threefold union (mentioned above, Revelation 16:13, 14), this country will follow in the steps of Rome in trampling on the rights of conscience. (White, The Great Controversy, p. 588)

This union will not, however, be effected by a change in Catholicism; for Rome never changes. She claims infallibility. It is Protestantism that will change. The adoption of liberal ideas on its part will bring it where it can clasp the hand of Catholicism. (White, The Review and Herald, June 1, 1886)

When the early church became corrupted by departing from the simplicity of the gospel and accepting heathen rites and customs, she lost the Spirit and power of God; and in order to control the consciences of the people, she sought the support of the secular power. The result was the papacy, a church that controlled the power of the state and employed it to further her own ends, especially for the punishment of “heresy.” In order for the United States to form an image of the beast, the religious power must so control the civil government that the authority of the state will also be employed by the church to accomplish her own ends. (White, The Great Controversy, p. 443)

When the leading churches of the United States, uniting upon such points of doctrine as are held by them in common, shall influence the state to enforce their decrees and to sustain their institutions, then Protestant America will have formed an image of the Roman hierarchy, and the infliction of civil penalties upon dissenters will inevitably result.

The beast with two horns “causeth [commands] all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: and that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.” Revelation 13:16, 17. The third angel’s warning is: “If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand, the same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God.” “The beast” mentioned in this message, whose worship is enforced by the two-horned beast, is the first, or leopardlike beast of Revelation 13 – the papacy. The “image to the beast” represents that form of apostate Protestantism which will be developed when the Protestant churches shall seek the aid of the civil power for the enforcement of their dogmas. The “mark of the beast” still remains to be defined. (Ibid., p. 445)

Papists, Protestants, and worldlings will alike accept the form of godliness without the power, and they will see in this union a grand movement for the conversion of the world and the ushering in of the long-expected millennium. (Ibid., p. 588)

The United States will make and enforce laws that require Sunday worship.

The enforcement of Sunday-keeping on the part of Protestant churches is an enforcement of the worship of the papacy – of the beast. Those who, understanding the claims of the fourth commandment, choose to observe the false instead of the true Sabbath are thereby paying homage to that power by which alone it is commanded. But in the very act of enforcing a religious duty by secular power, the churches would themselves form an image to the beast; hence the enforcement of Sunday-keeping in the United States would be an enforcement of the worship of the beast and his image. … There are now true Christians in every church, not excepting the Roman Catholic communion, who honestly believe that Sunday is the Sabbath of divine appointment. God accepts their sincerity of purpose and their integrity before Him. But when Sunday observance shall be enforced by law, and the world shall be enlightened concerning the obligation of the true Sabbath, then whoever shall transgress the command of God, to obey a precept which has no higher authority than that of Rome, will thereby honor popery above God. He is paying homage to Rome and to the power which enforces the institution ordained by Rome. He is worshiping the beast and his image. As men then reject the institution which God has declared to be the sign of His authority, and honor in its stead that which Rome has chosen as the token of her supremacy, they will thereby accept the sign of allegiance to Rome – “the mark of the beast.” And it is not until the issue is thus plainly set before the people, and they are brought to choose between the commandments of God and the commandments of men, that those who continue in transgression will receive ‘the mark of the beast.’ (Ibid., p. 448, 449)

The dignitaries of church and state will unite to bribe, persuade, or compel all classes to honor the Sunday. The lack of divine authority will be supplied by oppressive enactments. Political corruption is destroying love of justice and regard for truth; and even in free America, rulers and legislators, in order to secure public favor, will yield to the popular demand for a law enforcing Sunday observance. Liberty of conscience, which has cost so great a sacrifice, will no longer be respected. In the soon-coming conflict we shall see exemplified the prophet’s words: “The dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.” Revelation 12:17. (Ibid., p. 592)

Fearful is the issue to which the world is to be brought. The powers of earth, uniting to war against the commandments of God, will decree that “all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond” (Revelation 13:16), shall conform to the customs of the church by the observance of the false sabbath. All who refuse compliance will be visited with civil penalties, and it will finally be declared that they are deserving of death. On the other hand, the law of God enjoining the Creator’s rest day demands obedience and threatens wrath against all who transgress its precepts. (Ibid., p. 604)

And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand,   The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: Revelation 14:9, 10

There are many, even of those engaged in this movement for Sunday enforcement, who are blinded to the results which will follow this action. They do not see that they are striking directly against religious liberty. There are many who have never understood the claims of the Bible Sabbath and the false foundation upon which the Sunday institution rests. Any movement in favor of religious legislation is really an act of concession to the papacy, which for so many ages has steadily warred against liberty of conscience. Sunday observance owes its existence as a so-called Christian institution to “the mystery of iniquity;” and its enforcement will be a virtual recognition of the principles which are the very cornerstone of Romanism. When our nation shall so abjure the principles of its government as to enact a Sunday law, Protestantism will in this act join hands with popery; it will be nothing else than giving life to the tyranny which has long been eagerly watching its opportunity to spring again into active despotism. (White, Testimonies for the Church, Volume 5, p. 711)

When the United States makes a national Sunday Law, it will be considered by God to be national apostasy and He will condemn it to ruin.

A time is coming when the law of God is, in a special sense, to be made void in our land. The rulers of our nation will, by legislative enactments, enforce the Sunday law, and thus God’s people be brought into great peril. When our nation, in its legislative councils, shall enact laws to bind the consciences of men in regard to their religious privileges, enforcing Sunday observance, and bringing oppressive power to bear against those who keep the seventh-day Sabbath, the law of God will, to all intents and purposes, be made void in our land; and national apostasy will be followed by national ruin. We see that those who are now keeping the commandments of God need to bestir themselves, that they may obtain the special help which God alone can give them. They should work more earnestly to delay as long as possible the threatened calamity. If, in our land of boasted freedom, a Protestant government should sacrifice every principle which enters into its Constitution, and propagate papal falsehood and delusion, well may we plead, “It is time for thee, Lord, to work, for they have made void thy law.” Some may think that because it has been revealed in prophecy that our nation shall restrict the consciences of men, it must surely come; and that if we make an effort to preserve our liberty, we shall be acting the part of unfaithful servants, and thus come under the condemnation of God. (White, The Review and Herald, December 18, 1888)

The time has come when judgment is fallen in the streets, and equity cannot enter, and he that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey. But the Lord’s arm is not shortened that it cannot save, and his ear is not heavy that it cannot hear. The people of the United States have been a favored people; but when they restrict religious liberty, surrender Protestantism, and give countenance to popery, the measure of their guilt will be full, and “national apostasy” will be registered in the books of heaven. The result of this apostasy will be national ruin. (White, The Review and Herald, May 2, 1893)

By the decree enforcing the institution of the papacy in violation of the law of God, our nation will disconnect herself fully from righteousness. When Protestantism shall stretch her hand across the gulf to grasp the hand of the Roman power, when she shall reach over the abyss to clasp hands with spiritualism, when, under the influence of this threefold union, our country shall repudiate every principle of its Constitution as a Protestant and republican government, and shall make provision for the propagation of papal falsehoods and delusions, then we may know that the time has come for the marvelous working of Satan and that the end is near. (White, Testimonies for the Church, Volume 5, p. 451)

When the legislature frames laws which exalt the first day of the week, and put it in the place of the seventh day, the device of Satan will be perfected. (White, The Review and Herald, April 15, 1890)

Force is the last resort of every false religion. At first it tries attraction, as the king of Babylon tried the power of music and outward show. If these attractions, invented by men inspired by Satan, failed to make men worship the image, the hungry flames of the furnace were ready to consume them. (see Daniel 3) So it will be now. The Papacy has exercised her power to compel men to obey her, and she will continue to do so. (White, Signs of the Times, May 6, 1897)

The rest of the world will follow the example of the United States.

As America, the land of religious liberty, shall unite with the Papacy in forcing the consciences of men to honor the false Sabbath, the people of every country on the globe will be led to follow her example. (White, General Conference Daily Bulletin, January 28, 1893)

God keeps a record with the nations: the figures are swelling against them in the books of heaven; and when it shall have become a law that the transgression of the first day of the week shall be met with punishment, then their cup will be full. (White, The Review and Herald, March 9, 1886)

When the accumulated figures in heaven’s record books shall mark the sum of transgression complete, wrath will come, unmixed with mercy, and then it will be seen what a tremendous thing it is to have worn out the divine patience. This crisis will be reached when the nations shall unite in making void God’s law. (White, Testimonies for the Church, Volume 5, p. 523)

God’s faithful, commandment-keeping people will be considered enemies of society.

Those who honor the Bible Sabbath will be denounced as enemies of law and order, as breaking down the moral restraints of society, causing anarchy and corruption, and calling down the judgments of God upon the earth. Their conscientious scruples will be pronounced obstinacy, stubbornness, and contempt of authority. They will be accused of disaffection toward the government. Ministers who deny the obligation of the divine law will present from the pulpit the duty of yielding obedience to the civil authorities as ordained of God. In legislative halls and courts of justice, commandment keepers will be misrepresented and condemned. A false coloring will be given to their words; the worst construction will be put upon their motives. (White, The Great Controversy, p. 592)

I saw the sword, famine, pestilence, and great confusion in the land. The wicked thought that (God’s people) had brought the judgments upon them, and they rose up and took counsel to rid the earth of us, thinking that then the evil would be stayed. (White, Early Writings, p. 33)

And then the great deceiver will persuade men that those who serve God are causing these evils. The class that have provoked the displeasure of Heaven will charge all their troubles upon those whose obedience to God’s commandments is a perpetual reproof to transgressors. It will be declared that men are offending God by the violation of the Sunday sabbath; that this sin has brought calamities which will not cease until Sunday observance shall be strictly enforced; and that those who present the claims of the fourth commandment, thus destroying reverence for Sunday, are troublers of the people, preventing their restoration to divine favor and temporal prosperity. … As the wrath of the people shall be excited by false charges, they will pursue a course toward God’s ambassadors very similar to that which apostate Israel pursued toward Elijah. (White, The Great Controversy, p. 590)

The Final Trouble and Destruction:

(Angels) are mighty, and they excel in strength. On one occasion, in obedience to the command of Christ, they slew in one night one hundred and eighty-five thousand men of the Assyrian army. They can, and will, soon visit the earth with judgments. In quick succession one angel after another will pour out vials of wrath upon the inhabitants of the earth. (White, Signs of the Times, January 17, 1900)

The restraint which has been upon the wicked is removed, and Satan has entire control of the finally impenitent. God’s longsuffering has ended. The world has rejected His mercy, despised His love, and trampled upon His law. The wicked have passed the boundary of their probation; the Spirit of God, persistently resisted, has been at last withdrawn. Unsheltered by divine grace, they have no protection from the wicked one. Satan will then plunge the inhabitants of the earth into one great, final trouble. As the angels of God cease to hold in check the fierce winds of human passion, all the elements of strife will be let loose. The whole world will be involved in ruin more terrible than that which came upon Jerusalem of old. (White, The Great Controversy, p. 614)

The unmingled wrath threatened against those who worship the beast and his image and receive his mark (Revelation 14:9, 10), will be poured out. The plagues upon Egypt when God was about to deliver Israel were similar in character to those more terrible and extensive judgments which are to fall upon the world just before the final deliverance of God’s people. Says the revelator, in describing those terrific scourges: “There fell a noisome and grievous sore upon the men which had the mark of the beast, and upon them which worshiped his image.” The sea “became as the blood of a dead man: and every living soul died in the sea.” And “the rivers and fountains of waters … became blood.” Terrible as these inflictions are, God’s justice stands fully vindicated. The angel of God declares: “Thou art righteous, O Lord, … because Thou hast judged thus. For they have shed the blood of saints and prophets, and Thou hast given them blood to drink; for they are worthy.” Revelation 16:2-6. (Ibid., p. 627)

THE END: Jesus Christ Defeats the Devil and Rescues His People.

With shouts of triumph, jeering, and imprecation, throngs of evil men are about to rush upon their prey, when, lo, a dense blackness, deeper than the darkness of the night, falls upon the earth. Then a rainbow, shining with the glory from the throne of God, spans the heavens and seems to encircle each praying company. The angry multitudes are suddenly arrested. Their mocking cries die away. The objects of their murderous rage are forgotten. With fearful forebodings they gaze upon the symbol of God’s covenant and long to be shielded from its overpowering brightness.

By the people of God a voice, clear and melodious, is heard, saying, “Look up,” and lifting their eyes to the heavens, they behold the bow of promise. The black, angry clouds that covered the firmament are parted, and like Stephen they look up steadfastly into heaven and see the glory of God and the Son of man seated upon His throne. In His divine form they discern the marks of His humiliation; and from His lips they hear the request presented before His Father and the holy angels: “I will that they also, whom Thou hast given Me, be with Me where I am.” John 17:24. Again a voice, musical and triumphant, is heard, saying: “They come! they come! holy, harmless, and undefiled. They have kept the word of My patience; they shall walk among the angels;” and the pale, quivering lips of those who have held fast their faith utter a shout of victory.

It is at midnight that God manifests His power for the deliverance of His people. The sun appears, shining in its strength. Signs and wonders follow in quick succession. The wicked look with terror and amazement upon the scene, while the righteous behold with solemn joy the tokens of their deliverance. Everything in nature seems turned out of its course. The streams cease to flow. Dark, heavy clouds come up and clash against each other. In the midst of the angry heavens is one clear space of indescribable glory, whence comes the voice of God like the sound of many waters, saying: “It is done.” Revelation 16:17.

That voice shakes the heavens and the earth. There is a mighty earthquake, “such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great.” Verses 17, 18. The firmament appears to open and shut. The glory from the throne of God seems flashing through. The mountains shake like a reed in the wind, and ragged rocks are scattered on every side. There is a roar as of a coming tempest. The sea is lashed into fury. There is heard the shriek of a hurricane like the voice of demons upon a mission of destruction. The whole earth heaves and swells like the waves of the sea. Its surface is breaking up. Its very foundations seem to be giving way. Mountain chains are sinking. Inhabited islands disappear. The seaports that have become like Sodom for wickedness are swallowed up by the angry waters. Babylon the great has come in remembrance before God, “to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of His wrath.” Great hailstones, every one “about the weight of a talent,” are doing their work of destruction. Verses 19, 21. The proudest cities of the earth are laid low. The lordly palaces, upon which the world’s great men have lavished their wealth in order to glorify themselves, are crumbling to ruin before their eyes. Prison walls are rent asunder, and God’s people, who have been held in bondage for their faith, are set free. (Ibid., p. 635, 636)

The people see that they have been deluded. They accuse one another of having led them to destruction; but all unite in heaping their bitterest condemnation upon the ministers. Unfaithful pastors have prophesied smooth things; they have led their hearers to make void the law of God and to persecute those who would keep it holy. Now, in their despair, these teachers confess before the world their work of deception. The multitudes are filled with fury. “We are lost!” they cry, “and you are the cause of our ruin;” and they turn upon the false shepherds. The very ones that once admired them most will pronounce the most dreadful curses upon them. The very hands that once crowned them with laurels will be raised for their destruction. The swords which were to slay God’s people are now employed to destroy their enemies. Everywhere there is strife and bloodshed. (Ibid., p. 655)

Soon there appears in the east a small black cloud, about half the size of a man’s hand. It is the cloud which surrounds the Saviour and which seems in the distance to be shrouded in darkness. The people of God know this to be the sign of the Son of man. In solemn silence they gaze upon it as it draws nearer the earth, becoming lighter and more glorious, until it is a great white cloud, its base a glory like consuming fire, and above it the rainbow of the covenant. Jesus rides forth as a mighty conqueror. Not now a “Man of Sorrows,” to drink the bitter cup of shame and woe, He comes, victor in heaven and earth, to judge the living and the dead. “Faithful and True,” “in righteousness He doth judge and make war.” And “the armies which were in heaven” (Revelation 19:11, 14) follow Him. With anthems of celestial melody the holy angels, a vast, unnumbered throng, attend Him on His way. The firmament seems filled with radiant forms – “ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands.” No human pen can portray the scene; no mortal mind is adequate to conceive its splendor.

“His glory covered the heavens, and the earth was full of His praise. And His brightness was as the light.” Habakkuk 3:3,4. As the living cloud comes still nearer, every eye beholds the Prince of life. No crown of thorns now mars that sacred head; but a diadem of glory rests on His holy brow. His countenance outshines the dazzling brightness of the noonday sun. “And He hath on His vesture and on His thigh a name written, King of kings, and Lord of lords.” Revelation 19:16. (Ibid., p. 640)

Why did Jesus do it?

That little question “Why?” may be a small word but it has huge potential. It is a very important tool, one of the most basic components of science and learning. It shows curiosity and can lead to all sorts of discovery and growth in understanding. As we apply it to the spiritual science of Salvation, it can open many windows to Truth. In this study, I would like to apply the question to the issue of why Jesus did what He did. Why was the Plan of Salvation formulated by Heaven the way it was? Why were its various aspects carried out in the way they were?

And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory. 1 Timothy 3:16

It is a great mystery because it is very deep and complicated, but God did not intend for it to be totally incomprehensible.

The secret things belong unto the LORD our God: but those things which are revealed belong unto us and to our children for ever, that we may do all the words of this law. Deuteronomy 29:29

We can begin to study it now, with our limited abilities during our life on earth, and continue advanced studies when we are in the eternal kingdom.

The science of redemption is the science of all sciences; the science that is the study of the angels, and of all the intelligences of the unfallen worlds; the science that engages the attention of our Lord and Saviour; the science that enters into the purpose brooded in the mind of the Infinite–“kept in silence through times eternal”; the science that will be the study of God’s redeemed throughout the endless ages. This is the highest study in which it is possible for man to engage. As no other study can, it will quicken the mind, and uplift the soul.  Education, p. 126

The theme of redemption is one that the angels desire to look into; it will be the science and the song of the redeemed throughout the ceaseless ages of eternity. Is it not worthy of careful thought and study now?  Steps to Christ, p. 88, 89

In giving us His word, God has put us in possession of every truth essential for our salvation. Thousands have drawn water from these wells of life, yet there is no diminishing of the supply. Thousands have set the Lord before them, and by beholding have been changed into the same image. Their spirit burns within them as they speak of His character, telling what Christ is to them, and what they are to Christ. But these searchers have not exhausted these grand and holy themes. Thousands more may engage in the work of searching out the mysteries of salvation. As the life of Christ and the character of His mission are dwelt upon, rays of light will shine forth more distinctly at every attempt to discover truth. Each fresh search will reveal something more deeply interesting than has yet been unfolded. The subject is inexhaustible. The study of the incarnation of Christ, His atoning sacrifice and mediatorial work, will employ the mind of the diligent student as long as time shall last; and looking to heaven with its unnumbered years he will exclaim, “Great is the mystery of godliness.”

In eternity we shall learn that which, had we received the enlightenment that it was possible to obtain here, would have opened our understanding. The themes of redemption will employ the hearts and minds and tongues of the redeemed through the everlasting ages. They will understand the truths which Christ longed to open to His disciples, but which they did not have faith to grasp. Forever and forever new views of the perfection and glory of Christ will appear. Through endless ages the faithful Householder will bring forth from His treasures things new and old.  Christ’s Object Lessons, p. 133, 134

This study is not an attempt to be comprehensive or conclusive in explaining God’s reasons for what He does, but merely an introduction, a sample, a cupful of the ocean of truth. To ask the question “Why?” is to delve into several different realms of operation, from the simple physical explanation of the method or event (Jesus washed the disciples’ feet because they were dusty.) to the underlying motive and reason behind it (Jesus washed the disciples’ feet because He wanted them to understand certain aspects of His ministry and their personal responsibility.). It is very likely that there is no conclusive answer to the question, “Why?” The more we learn of God’s ways, the more we see the potential for further understanding.

If it were possible for us to attain to a full understanding of God and His word, there would be for us no further discovery of truth, no greater knowledge, no further development. God would cease to be supreme, and man would cease to advance. Thank God, it is not so. Since God is infinite, and in Him are all the treasures of wisdom, we may to all eternity be ever searching, ever learning, yet never exhaust the riches of His wisdom, His goodness, or His power.  Education, p. 172

He who studies most deeply into the mysteries of nature will realize most fully his own ignorance and weakness. He will realize that there are depths and heights which he cannot reach, secrets which he cannot penetrate, vast fields of truth lying before him unentered. He will be ready to say, with Newton, “I seem to myself to have been like a child on the seashore finding pebbles and shells, while the great ocean of truth lay undiscovered before me.” Education, p. 133

For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts.   Isaiah 55:8, 9

So I have asked, “What was the reason for . . . ?” or “What was accomplished by . . . ?” and I share some of the answers here. The verses and quotes gathered here are separated into a few broad categories to help us get an overview of the Plan. Some don’t fit neatly into just one category but you will get the picture as you study and contemplate the specifics. Some thoughts come from the symbolism of the Sanctuary services in the Old Testament; some are stated directly in both the Old and the New Testaments; some are enlarged in the Spirit of Prophecy. The categories I have included are: Christ’s Incarnation, Death, Resurrection, and Heavenly Ministry. Within those broad categories there are some general subcategories of issues of the great controversy between Christ and Satan that needed to be dealt with: legal issues, personal relationship issues between man and God, revelations of truth about God, Satan, sin, etc. I have not attempted to specifically categorize these but as you contemplate all that Jesus did, you will understand how these are all part of the picture.

May the Lord bless and guide you as you ponder what He has done for you.

INCARNATION

The word incarnation means “made flesh.” Jesus, a glorious Heavenly being, the One who came down on Mount Sinai in such awesome majesty that the Israelites thought they would die from the experience, was made visible to humans as an ordinary, physical person.

Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed? For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. Isaiah 53:1, 2

And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth. John 1:14

Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. Philippians 2:6-8

And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory. 1 Timothy 3:16

Why did Jesus leave His Heavenly glory to come down here and live as an ordinary human?

because the Father loves us and didn’t want us to be lost

For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. John 3:16

And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world. 1 John 4:14

to be “God with us”

Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. Isaiah 7:14

Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us. Matthew 1:23

to give knowledge of God as our loving Father

Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me. If ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also: and from henceforth ye know him, and have seen him. Philip saith unto him, Lord, shew us the Father, and it sufficeth us. Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou not known me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath seen the Father; and how sayest thou then, Shew us the Father? Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth the works. Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or else believe me for the very works’ sake. John 14:6-11

God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds; Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high; Hebrews 1:1-3

In all the gracious deeds that Jesus did, He sought to impress upon men the parental, benevolent attributes of God. . . . Jesus would have us understand the love of the Father, and He seeks to draw us to Him by presenting His parental grace. . . . It was only by living among men that He could reveal the mercy, compassion, and love of His heavenly Father; for it was only by actions of benevolence that He could set forth the grace of God. . . . The bounties of God’s providence speak to every soul, confirming Christ’s testimony to the supreme goodness of His Father. Sons and Daughters of God, p. 139

to give knowledge of the glory of God

For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. 2 Corinthians 4:6

to reveal God’s holiness

In the person and work of Christ the holiness of God is revealed; for Christ came to reveal the Father. Satan had cast his shadow athwart the pathway of humanity, and misrepresented the character of God. Signs of the Times, December 11, 1893

to demonstrate the riches of God’s grace

That in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus. Ephesians 2:7

to reveal God’s name (character)

I have manifested thy name unto the men which thou gavest me out of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them me; and they have kept thy word. John 17:6

to demonstrate God’s will

Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. Hebrews 10:9

to glorify the Father

I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do. John 17:4

to express and demonstrate God’s thoughts and character to the entire universe

By coming to dwell with us, Jesus was to reveal God both to men and to angels. He was the Word of God, – God’s thought made audible. In His prayer for His disciples He says, “I have declared unto them Thy name,” – “merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth,” – “that the love wherewith Thou hast loved Me may be in them, and I in them.” But not alone for His earthborn children was this revelation given. Our little world is the lesson book of the universe. God’s wonderful purpose of grace, the mystery of redeeming love, is the theme into which “angels desire to look,” and it will be their study throughout endless ages. Both the redeemed and the unfallen beings will find in the cross of Christ their science and their song. It will be seen that the glory shining in the face of Jesus is the glory of self-sacrificing love. In the light from Calvary it will be seen that the law of self-renouncing love is the law of life for earth and heaven; that the love which “seeketh not her own” has its source in the heart of God; and that in the meek and lowly One is manifested the character of Him who dwelleth in the light which no man can approach unto. The Desire of Ages, p. 19, 20

In the light of the Saviour’s life, the hearts of all, even from the Creator to the prince of darkness, are revealed. Satan has represented God as selfish and oppressive, as claiming all, and giving nothing, as requiring the service of His creatures for His own glory, and making no sacrifice for their good. But the gift of Christ reveals the Father’s heart. It testifies that the thoughts of God toward us are “thoughts of peace, and not of evil.” Jeremiah 29:11. It declares that while God’s hatred of sin is as strong as death, His love for the sinner is stronger than death. The Desire of Ages, p. 57

to unveil Satan’s deceptions

Satan represents God’s law of love as a law of selfishness. He declares that it is impossible for us to obey its precepts. The fall of our first parents, with all the woe that has resulted, he charges upon the Creator, leading men to look upon God as the author of sin, and suffering, and death. Jesus was to unveil this deception. As one of us He was to give an example of obedience. For this He took upon Himself our nature, and passed through our experiences. “In all things it behooved Him to be made like unto His brethren.” Hebrews 2:17. If we had to bear anything which Jesus did not endure, then upon this point Satan would represent the power of God as insufficient for us. Therefore Jesus was “in all points tempted like as we are.” Hebrews 4:15. He endured every trial to which we are subject. And He exercised in His own behalf no power that is not freely offered to us. As man, He met temptation, and overcame in the strength given Him from God. He says, “I delight to do Thy will, O My God: yea, Thy law is within My heart.” Psalm 40:8. As He went about doing good, and healing all who were afflicted by Satan, He made plain to men the character of God’s law and the nature of His service. His life testifies that it is possible for us also to obey the law of God. The Desire of Ages, p. 24

to reveal God’s true character to Satan himself

Christ exposed Satan’s falsehoods and deceiving character, and in many hearts destroyed his corrupting influence. It was this that stirred Satan with such intense hatred. With his hosts of fallen beings he determined to urge the warfare most vigorously; for there stood in the world One who was a perfect representative of the Father, One whose character and practices refuted Satan’s misrepresentation of God. Satan had charged upon God the attribute he himself possessed. Now in Christ he saw God revealed in His true character–a compassionate, merciful Father, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to Him in repentance, and have eternal life. Selected Messages, Book 1, p. 254

to be the Way to God, the Truth about God, the Life from God

Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me. John 14:6

to “adjust the claims” between heaven and earth (to change our priorities)

Christ’s coming was at a time of intense worldliness. Men were subordinating the eternal to the temporal, the claims of the future to the affairs of the present. They were mistaking phantoms for realities, and realities for phantoms. They did not by faith behold the unseen world. Satan presented before them the things of this life as all-attractive and all-absorbing, and they gave heed to his temptations.

Christ came to change this order of things. He sought to break the spell by which men were infatuated and ensnared. In His teaching He sought to adjust the claims of heaven and earth, to turn men’s thoughts from the present to the future. From their pursuit of the things of time, He called them to make provision for eternity.  Christ’s Object Lessons, p. 366

In his teaching, Christ sought to adjust the claims of heaven and earth. In his lessons of instruction, this was an all important subject. He saw that men are in danger of cherishing an inordinate love for the world. The love of God is supplanted by a love for the world. Nothing but the power of the omnipotent God can dislodge this love. The things which are earthly and temporal lead men away from God, although the advantages to be gained are but an atom in comparison with eternal realities. They have eyes, but they see not aright. Instead of keeping the heavenly world in view, the things of this world are ever before their eyes, and are magnified till they eclipse the world of bliss.

Turning away from heavenly attractions, from imperishable wealth, from peace, from nobility of soul, man pours out his affections on unworthy, unsatisfying things; and by constantly beholding this world, he becomes conformed to it. His mind, capable of elevation, and privileged to grasp the eternal blessedness of the saints, turns away from an eternity of greatness, and allows its powers to be chained like a slave to an atom of a world. It is humiliated and dwarfed by allegiance to worldly things.

Jesus came to change this order of things, to correct this wide-spread evil. He lifts up his voice as the voice of God in warnings, reproofs, and entreaties, seeking to break the spell which infatuates, enslaves, and ensnares men. He presents before them the future eternal world, and addressing them in decided language, says, “For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?”   Review and Herald, February 2, 1897

Our Saviour came to the world to adjust the claims between heaven and earth. He knows that man, formed in his image, has been endowed by his Creator in such a way that he may rise to the highest eminence of moral efficiency through cooperation with divine agency provided for his assistance. With what sorrow Jesus looks upon man wasting his energies in pursuit of that which profiteth nothing. In tones of sorrow in which mingle tears, Jesus asks, “What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? “The arch-deceiver has inspired in man, by his temptations, by his presentation of flattering inducements, an inordinate desire to get the riches of this world, and he leads men to practice every form of sin in order that they may gain every earthly treasure. In the acquirement of this world’s wealth, the precious promises of God are cast aside as worthless. Through the service of mammon the love of God has been expelled from the heart, and the love of the world has rushed in to fill the vacuum, and to firmly enthrone itself in the heart, to rule and reign in the life. The power of God alone can force it from its usurped position. Through love of the world the spiritual vision is blinded, and the pleasures and attractions of the future world are hid from sight.   Signs of the Times, June 26, 1893

Our Saviour’s work is to adjust the claims between earthly and heavenly interests, to put the duties and responsibilities of the life that now is in proper relation to those that pertain to eternal life. The fear and love of God are the first things that should claim our attention. We cannot afford to put off that which concerns our soul’s interest till tomorrow. The life which we now live we are to live by faith in the Son of God. We are redeemed from the beggarly elements of the world with a redemption that is full and complete, that cannot be increased by any supplement from human sources. Signs of the Times, July 17, 1893

The commonplace matters of time and earth had engrossed the minds of the people at the time of Christ, just as Satan had designed that they should. Sin had expelled from the heart the love of God, and instead of the love of God there was found in the heart the love of the world, the love of sinful indulgence of evil passions. Christ alone could adjust the claims between heaven and earth. Man’s vision had become blinded, because he did not keep in view the spiritual and eternal world. But the kind of teaching that Christ gave to the world did not harmonize with the teaching of the scribes and Pharisees; for their religion consisted in a round of forms and ceremonies, and the offering of sacrifices, which had been designed by Christ to keep his sacrifice in mind, had lost its significance. Unless the sacrifices were offered in faith, accompanied with contrition and humility, they were valueless in the eyes of God, and even an abomination to him. God repeatedly had declared that the sacrifices acceptable to him were a broken and a contrite heart. He said, “The Lord is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart, and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit.” Signs of the Times, December 11, 1893

to confirm the Covenant

And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate. Daniel 9:27

to bring grace and truth

For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ. No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him. John 1:17, 18

to strengthen seekers, reveal the Father, restore God’s image in man

The Lord Jesus came to strengthen every earnest seeker for truth, he came to reveal the Father. He allowed nothing to divert his mind from the great work of restoring the moral image of God in man. The Youth’s Instructor, October 27, 1898

to counteract evil and restore humanity to original purity

He (God, the Father) would have us comprehend something of his love in giving his Son to die that he might counteract evil, remove the defiling stains of sin from the workmanship of God, and re-instate the lost, elevating and ennobling the soul to its original purity through Christ’s imputed righteousness.

The only way in which the fallen race could be restored was through the gift of his Son, equal with himself, possessing the attributes of God. Though so highly exalted, Christ consented to assume human nature, that he might work in behalf of man and reconcile to God his disloyal subject. When man rebelled, Christ pleaded his merit in his behalf, and became man’s substitute and surety. He undertook to combat the powers of darkness in man’s behalf, and he prevailed, conquering the enemy of our souls, and presenting to man the cup of salvation.   Review and Herald, November 8, 1892

to take away (lift and bear) sin

And ye know that he was manifested to take away our sins; and in him is no sin. 1 John 3:5

to give us assurance of deliverance from sin’s power

“God with us” is the surety of our deliverance from sin, the assurance of our power to obey the law of heaven. The Desire of Ages, p. 24

to be our example of a holy life

For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you. John 13:15

For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps: Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth: Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously: 1 Peter 2:21-23

In His earthly life the Saviour gives us an example of the hallowed lives that may be ours if we will devote our days to doing good to the souls that need our help. Sons and Daughters of God, p. 42

It is your work to impress upon your children in their early years the thought that they are formed in the image of God. Christ came to this world to give them a living example of what they all must be, and parents who claim to believe the truth for this time are to teach their children to love God and to obey His law. Sons and Daughters of God, p. 43

to call sinners to repentance

I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. Luke 5:32

to condemn sin in the flesh (“There is no excuse for sin. A human can fully obey.”)

For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh: That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.   Romans 8:3, 4

Jesus came in the likeness of sinful flesh, by a pure and holy life to condemn sin in the flesh. He came to our world to represent the character of God, and it is our work to represent the character of Christ. Manuscript Releases, Vol. 6, p. 395

Christ pleased not Himself. His whole life was the development of a pure, disinterested benevolence. He assumed human nature to show to the fallen world, to Satan and his synagogue, and to the heavenly universe, that human nature, united with the divine nature, could become entirely obedient to the law of God, that His followers could manifest the glory of God by their love and unity for one another, that they could give evidence that God has sent His Son to save sinners. Pacific Union Recorder, February 16, 1905

to find and save the lost

For the Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost. Luke 19:10

to save from sin

And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins. Matthew 1:21

For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. John 3:17

Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. Acts 4:12

to qualify to be humanity’s High Priest

For verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of Abraham. Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people. For in that he himself hath suffered being tempted, he is able to succour them that are tempted. Hebrews 2:16-18

to give life

Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life. Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that hear shall live. For as the Father hath life in himself; so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself; John 5:24-26

For the bread of God is he which cometh down from heaven, and giveth life unto the world. John 6:33

And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day. John 6:40

No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day. John 6:44

Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me hath everlasting life. I am that bread of life. Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead. This is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that a man may eat thereof, and not die. I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.  John 6:47-51

As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father: so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me. This is that bread which came down from heaven: not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread shall live for ever. John 6:57, 58

The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to destroy: I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly. John 10:10

to bring freedom

If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed. John 8:36

to receive authority to judge

And hath given him authority to execute judgment also, because he is the Son of man. John 5:27

to elevate man in the scale of moral worth

While on earth, Christ accomplished the work for which he left the throne of God in heaven. He worked for humanity, that through his work, humanity might be elevated in the scale of moral value with God. He assumed human nature, that he might elevate the human family, make them partakers of the divine nature, and place them on vantage-ground with God. His every action had been in behalf of the fallen world, – to seek the sheep that had strayed from the fold, and bring it back to God. Review and Herald, February 15, 1898

to reveal heavenly things so we can understand them and believe

Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness. If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things? And no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son of man which is in heaven. John 3:11-13

to grant discernment

And Jesus said, For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind. John 9:39

to reveal truth (light) and encourage saving faith

For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God. John 3:16-21

Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life. John 5:24

Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life. John 8:12

Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice. John 18:37

That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John 1:9

to transform us from servants to friends

Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you. Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you. John 15:14, 15

to grant the privilege of being sons of God

But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth. John 1:12-14

to consummate our adoption as sons of God

But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father. Galatians 4:4-6

to instate us as heirs of God

Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ. Galatians 4:7

to establish the Kingdom

And he said unto them, I must preach the kingdom of God to other cities also: for therefore am I sent. Luke 4:43

to instill God’s attributes in us

The law requires righteousness, – a righteous life, a perfect character; and this man has not to give. He cannot meet the claims of God’s holy law. But Christ, coming to the earth as man, lived a holy life, and developed a perfect character. These He offers as a free gift to all who will receive them. His life stands for the life of men. Thus they have remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God. More than this, Christ imbues men with the attributes of God. He builds up the human character after the similitude of the divine character, a goodly fabric of spiritual strength and beauty. Thus the very righteousness of the law is fulfilled in the believer in Christ. God can “be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.” Romans 3:26. The Desire of Ages, p. 762

to justify the government of God

Through Christ’s redeeming work the government of God stands justified. The Omnipotent One is made known as the God of love. Satan’s charges are refuted, and his character unveiled. Rebellion can never again arise. Sin can never again enter the universe. Through eternal ages all are secure from apostasy. By love’s self-sacrifice, the inhabitants of earth and heaven are bound to their Creator in bonds of indissoluble union. The Desire of Ages, p.D 26

DEATH

Why did Jesus have to die?

This is a question that many Bible students have pondered. It is not merely the question “Why did Jesus die?” but “Why did He HAVE TO die?” Because sin is such a serious problem, much more serious than our human minds can comprehend, God had to use drastic action to solve it. He had to go to the absolute ultimate extreme to completely eradicate it from His universe or He ran the risk of it cropping up again. Jesus accomplished many things through His work on earth, but one of the most basic purposes for His death was to get our attention and change how we think so we would return to God. The sin problem was such a serious threat to us and the rest of the universe, and such a difficult issue to solve because of our rebellious heart condition, that anything less than what He did would not have been adequate. If Christ had not suffered and died, there would have been unresolved issues and unanswered questions that would have posed a risk to the security of the universe. God did everything He possibly could to make sure that sin and all of its manifestations would never come up again.

to be the epitome of supreme, divine love

Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. John 15:13

For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly. For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die. But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Romans 5:6-8

In this was manifested the love of God toward us, because that God sent his only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through him. Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins. 1 John 4:9, 10

Christ draws the sinner by the exhibition of his love upon the cross, and this softens the heart, impresses the mind, and inspires contrition and repentance in the soul. Review and Herald, April 1, 1890

to be God’s Lamb

And Abraham said, My son, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering: so they went both of them together. Genesis 22:8

The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. . . . And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God! John 1:29, 36

to be our Substitute in bearing the results of sin

For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. 2 Corinthians 5:21

Who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us from this present evil world, according to the will of God and our Father: Galatians 1:4

Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree. Galatians 3:13.

Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth. He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken. And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth. Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. Isaiah 53:4-12

Christ was treated as we deserve, that we might be treated as He deserves. He was condemned for our sins, in which He had no share, that we might be justified by His righteousness, in which we had no share. He suffered the death which was ours, that we might receive the life which was His. “With His stripes we are healed.” The Desire of Ages, p. 25

As the substitute and surety for sinful man, Christ was suffering under divine justice. He saw what justice meant. Hitherto He had been as an intercessor for others; now He longed to have an intercessor for Himself.  The Desire of Ages, p. 686

Under the mighty impulse of his love, he took our place in the universe, and invited the ruler of all things to treat him as representative of the human family. He identified himself with our interests, bared his breast for the stroke of death, took man’s guilt and its penalty, and offered in man’s behalf a complete sacrifice to God.   Review and Herald, April 18, 1893

He stood in the place where fallen man was to stand under the descending stroke of justice, and, innocent, he suffered for the guilty, in order that those who believe in him as their personal Saviour, should be accounted guiltless.   The Home Missionary, December 1, 1894

to be the propitiation for our sins

Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God; Romans 3:25

And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world. 1 John 2:2

Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins. 1 John 4:10

Just a quick note about propitiation: a propitiation is an effort to win or regain the favor of (a god, spirit, or person) by doing something that pleases them. (from the New Oxford American Dictionary) An example in the Bible is what Jacob did for Esau in Genesis 32:13-21. We humans have each offended the Ruler of the Universe, yet He gave us a propitiation in an attempt to win us back. Amazing!

to bring about atonement / reconciliation

Leviticus 4-6, 16

And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement. Romans 5:11

But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him. For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.  Romans 5:8-10

And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation; To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation. 2 Corinthians 5:18, 19

The humanity of Christ reached to the very depths of human wretchedness, and, identified itself with the weaknesses and necessities of fallen man, while his divine nature grasped the Eternal. His work in bearing the guilt of man’s transgression was not to give him license to continue to violate the law of God, which made man a debtor to the law, which debt Christ was himself paying by his own suffering. The trials and sufferings of Christ were to impress man with a sense of his great sin in breaking the law of God, and to bring him to repentance and obedience to that law, and through obedience to acceptance with God. His righteousness he would impute to man, and thus raise him in moral value with God, so that his efforts to keep the divine law would be acceptable. Christ’s work was to reconcile man to God through his human nature, and God to man through his divine nature. Review and Herald, August 4, 1874

to preserve from destruction and death

For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. Exodus 12:12, 13

to purify from defilement of death

Numbers 19

His blood is for our atonement

For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. Leviticus 17:11

For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. Matthew 26:28

And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.  Hebrews 9:22

to save from the serpent’s deadly bite

And the LORD said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a pole: and it shall come to pass, that every one that is bitten, when he looketh upon it, shall live. And Moses made a serpent of brass, and put it upon a pole, and it came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived. Numbers 21:8, 9

And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up: That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life. For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. John 3:14-19

to restore to us the privilege of choosing our master

For when ye were the servants of sin, ye were free from righteousness. . . . But now being made free from sin, and become servants to God, ye have your fruit unto holiness, and the end everlasting life. Romans 6:20, 22

You must remember that your will is the spring of all your actions. This will, that forms so important a factor in the character of man, was at the Fall given into the control of Satan; and he has ever since been working in man to will and to do of his own pleasure, but to the utter ruin and misery of man. But the infinite sacrifice of God in giving Jesus, His beloved Son, to become a sacrifice for sin, enables Him to say, without violating one principle of His government: “Yield yourself up to Me; give Me that will; take it from the control of Satan, and I will take possession of it; then I can work in you to will and to do of My good pleasure.” Testimonies for the Church, Vol. 5, p. 515

to expose sin

If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin: but now they have no cloke for their sin. He that hateth me hateth my Father also. If I had not done among them the works which none other man did, they had not had sin: but now have they both seen and hated both me and my Father. John 15:22-24

Calvary alone can reveal the terrible enormity of sin. Thoughts From the Mount of Blessing, p. 116

The offensive character of sin can be estimated only in the light of the cross. When men urge that God is too merciful to punish the transgressors of his law, let them look to Calvary; let them realize that it was because Christ took upon himself the guilt of the disobedient, and suffered in the sinners stead, that the sword of justice was awakened against the Son of God. It was to save us from shame and everlasting contempt that he endured the scorn and mockery which the world heaped upon him. It was our sins that caused the Saviour of the world such intense agony, pouring darkness into his soul, and extorting from his pale lips the anguished cry, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?”   Signs of the Times, January 6, 1881

to reveal the thoughts of men

By the life and the death of Christ, the thoughts of men also are brought to view. From the manger to the cross, the life of Jesus was a call to self-surrender, and to fellowship in suffering. It unveiled the purposes of men. Jesus came with the truth of heaven, and all who were listening to the voice of the Holy Spirit were drawn to Him. The worshipers of self belonged to Satan’s kingdom. In their attitude toward Christ, all would show on which side they stood. And thus everyone passes judgment on himself. The Desire of Ages, p. 57

to expose Satan’s true character

At the cross of Calvary, love and selfishness stood face to face. Here was their crowning manifestation. Christ had lived only to comfort and bless, and in putting Him to death, Satan manifested the malignity of his hatred against God. He made it evident that the real purpose of his rebellion was to dethrone God, and to destroy Him through whom the love of God was shown. The Desire of Ages, p. 57

Not until the death of Christ was the character of Satan clearly revealed to the angels or to the unfallen worlds. The archapostate had so clothed himself with deception that even holy beings had not understood his principles. They had not clearly seen the nature of his rebellion. The Desire of Ages, p. 758

Satan saw that his disguise was torn away. His administration was laid open before the unfallen angels and before the heavenly universe. He had revealed himself as a murderer. By shedding the blood of the Son of God, he had uprooted himself from the sympathies of the heavenly beings. Henceforth his work was restricted. Whatever attitude he might assume, he could no longer await the angels as they came from the heavenly courts, and before them accuse Christ’s brethren of being clothed with the garments of blackness and the defilement of sin. The last link of sympathy between Satan and the heavenly world was broken. The Desire of Ages, p. 761

to show that God perfectly blends justice and mercy, law and love

By His life and His death, Christ proved that God’s justice did not destroy His mercy, but that sin could be forgiven, and that the law is righteous, and can be perfectly obeyed. Satan’s charges were refuted. God had given man unmistakable evidence of His love.

Another deception was now to be brought forward. Satan declared that mercy destroyed justice, that the death of Christ abrogated the Father’s law. Had it been possible for the law to be changed or abrogated, then Christ need not have died. But to abrogate the law would be to immortalize transgression, and place the world under Satan’s control. It was because the law was changeless, because man could be saved only through obedience to its precepts, that Jesus was lifted up on the cross. Yet the very means by which Christ established the law Satan represented as destroying it. Here will come the last conflict of the great controversy between Christ and Satan. The Desire of Ages, p. 762, 763

to fulfill the plan made at the very beginning

Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot: Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, 1 Peter 1:18-20

And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world. Revelation 13:8

The instant man accepted the temptations of Satan, and did the very things God had said he should not do, Christ, the Son of God, stood between the living and the dead, saying, “Let the punishment fall on Me. I will stand in man’s place. He shall have another chance.” Letter 22, Feb. 13, 1900

to save man while maintaining the dignity and honor of God’s Law

Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God; To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus. Romans 3:25, 26

The transgression of God’s law made the death of Christ essential to save man and yet maintain the dignity and honor of the law. Christ took upon Himself the condemnation of sin. He opened His bosom to the woes of man. He who knew no sin became sin for us.

As man’s substitute and surety, the iniquity of men was laid upon Christ; He was counted a transgressor that He might redeem them from the curse of the law. . . . He, the Sin-Bearer, endures judicial punishment for iniquity and becomes sin itself for man.

Sin, so hateful to His sight, was heaped upon Him till He groaned beneath its weight. The despairing agony of the Son of God was so much greater than His physical pain, that the latter was hardly felt by Him.

God permits His Son to be delivered up for our offenses. He Himself (God) assumes toward the Sin-Bearer (Christ) the character of a judge, divesting Himself of the endearing qualities of a father.

Herein His love commends itself in the most marvelous manner to the rebellious race.

The sin of the whole world was laid upon Jesus, and divinity gave its highest value to the suffering of humanity in Jesus, that the whole world might be pardoned through faith in the Substitute. The most guilty need have no fear that God will not pardon, for because of the efficacy of the divine sacrifice the penalty of the law will be remitted. Through Christ the sinner may return to allegiance to God.  The Faith I Live By, p. 104

to glorify the Father

Therefore, when he was gone out, Jesus said, Now is the Son of man glorified, and God is glorified in him. If God be glorified in him, God shall also glorify him in himself, and shall straightway glorify him. John 13:31, 32

These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee: John 17:1

to grant repentance, forgiveness, justification

And said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day: And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. Luke 24:46

Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins. Acts 5:31

Be it known unto you therefore, men and brethren, that through this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins: And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses. Acts 13:38, 39

to gather God’s children

And one of them, named Caiaphas, being the high priest that same year, said unto them, Ye know nothing at all, Nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not. And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation; And not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad. John 11:49-52

to win the kingdom back from Satan

Christ’s sacrifice in behalf of man was full and complete. The condition of the atonement had been fulfilled. The work for which He had come to this world had been accomplished. He had won the kingdom. He had wrested it from Satan and had become heir of all things. He was on His way to the throne of God, to be honored by the heavenly host. Clothed with boundless authority, He gave His disciples their commission, “Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end.” Matthew 28:19, 20. Acts of the Apostles, p. 29, 30

to reveal the effect sin has on God

Few give thought to the suffering that sin has caused our Creator. All heaven suffered in Christ’s agony; but that suffering did not begin or end with His manifestation in humanity. The cross is a revelation to our dull senses of the pain that, from its very inception, sin has brought to the heart of God. Every departure from the right, every deed of cruelty, every failure of humanity to reach His ideal, brings grief to Him. When there came upon Israel the calamities that were the sure result of separation from God, – subjugation by their enemies, cruelty, and death, – it is said that “His soul was grieved for the misery of Israel.” “In all their affliction He was afflicted: . . . and He bare them, and carried them all the days of old.” Judges 10:16; Isaiah 63:9. Education, p. 263

to lead us to hate sin

The Spirit reveals the ingratitude of the heart that has slighted and grieved the Saviour, and brings us in contrition to the foot of the cross. By every sin Jesus is wounded afresh; and as we look upon Him whom we have pierced, we mourn for the sins that have brought anguish upon Him. Such mourning will lead to the renunciation of sin. The Desire of Ages, p. 300

to destroy sin and Satan and make the universe secure

He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil. 1 John 3:8

Well, then, might the angels rejoice as they looked upon the Saviour’s cross; for though they did not then understand all, they knew that the destruction of sin and Satan was forever made certain, that the redemption of man was assured, and that the universe was made eternally secure. Christ Himself fully comprehended the results of the sacrifice made upon Calvary. To all these He looked forward when upon the cross He cried out, “It is finished.” The Desire of Ages, p. 764

RESURRECTION

What was the purpose and result of Jesus’ resurrection?

to demonstrate His power of life and authority over death

He will swallow up death in victory; Isaiah 25:8

Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again. No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father. John 10:17, 18

Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: John 11:25

to destroy the devil

And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. Genesis 3:15

Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil; And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. Hebrews 2:14, 15

When Jesus was laid in the grave, Satan triumphed. He dared to hope that the Saviour would not take up His life again. He claimed the Lord’s body, and set his guard about the tomb, seeking to hold Christ a prisoner. He was bitterly angry when his angels fled at the approach of the heavenly messenger. When he saw Christ come forth in triumph, he knew that his kingdom would have an end, and that he must finally die. The Desire of Ages, p. 782

to be Firstfruits, the hope of the harvest

But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept. For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.  1 Corinthians 15:20-23

The sheaf dedicated to God represented the harvest. So Christ the first fruits represented the great spiritual harvest to be gathered for the kingdom of God. His resurrection is the type and pledge of the resurrection of all the righteous dead. “For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with Him.” 1 Thessalonians 4:14. The Desire of Ages, p. 785

to raise some saints as Firstfruits with Himself

And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose, and came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many.   Matthew 27:52, 53

As Christ arose, He brought from the grave a multitude of captives. The earthquake at His death had rent open their graves, and when He arose, they came forth with Him. They were those who had been co-laborers with God, and who at the cost of their lives had borne testimony to the truth. Now they were to be witnesses for Him who had raised them from the dead.

During His ministry, Jesus had raised the dead to life. He had raised the son of the widow of Nain, and the ruler’s daughter and Lazarus. But these were not clothed with immortality. After they were raised, they were still subject to death. But those who came forth from the grave at Christ’s resurrection were raised to everlasting life. They ascended with Him as trophies of His victory over death and the grave. These, said Christ, are no longer the captives of Satan; I have redeemed them. I have brought them from the grave as the first fruits of My power, to be with Me where I am, nevermore to see death or experience sorrow.

These went into the city, and appeared unto many, declaring, Christ has risen from the dead, and we be risen with Him. Thus was immortalized the sacred truth of the resurrection. The risen saints bore witness to the truth of the words, “Thy dead men shall live, together with My dead body shall they arise.” Their resurrection was an illustration of the fulfillment of the prophecy, “Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead.” Isaiah 26:19. The Desire of Ages, p. 786

to receive the right to give immortality

In our Saviour the life that was lost through sin is restored; for He has life in Himself to quicken whom He will. He is invested with the right to give immortality. The life that He laid down in humanity, He takes up again, and gives to humanity. The Desire of Ages, p. 786, 787

HEAVENLY WORK

What is Jesus doing for us now in Heaven?

providing the gift of the Holy Spirit

And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever;  John 14:16

integrating us into the heavenly family

But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: John 1:12

God did not deem the principle of salvation complete while invested only with His own love. By His appointment He has placed at His altar an Advocate clothed with our nature. As our Intercessor, His office work is to introduce us to God as His sons and daughters. Christ intercedes in behalf of those who have received Him. To them He gives power, by virtue of His own merits, to become members of the royal family, children of the heavenly King. And the Father demonstrates His infinite love for Christ, who paid our ransom with His blood, by receiving and welcoming Christ’s friends as His friends. He is satisfied with the atonement made. He is glorified by the incarnation, the life, death, and mediation of His Son. Testimonies for the Church, Vol. 6, p. 363, 364

transforming us from rebels to cooperative subjects

But God is clothed with power; he is able to take those who are dead in trespasses and sins, and by the operation of the Spirit which raised Jesus from the dead, transform the human character, bringing back to the soul the lost image of God. Those who believe in Jesus Christ are changed from being rebels against the law of God into obedient servants and subjects of his kingdom. They are born again, regenerated, sanctified through the truth. The Youth’s Instructor, February 7, 1895

refining and purifying His people

Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the LORD of hosts. But who may abide the day of his coming? and who shall stand when he appeareth? for he is like a refiner’s fire, and like fullers’ soap: And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver: and he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver, that they may offer unto the LORD an offering in righteousness. Malachi 3:1-3

bringing us to repentance and forgiveness

Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins. Acts 5:31

presenting our requests to the Father

And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it. John 14:13, 14

And in that day ye shall ask me nothing. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you. Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full. John 16:23, 24

For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father. Ephesians 2:18

And this is the confidence that we have in him, that, if we ask any thing according to his will, he heareth us: And if we know that he hear us, whatsoever we ask, we know that we have the petitions that we desired of him. 1 John 5:14, 15

our Advocate with the Father

My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous: 1 John 2:1

our High Priest in the Heavenly Temple

Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us. Romans 8:34

Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession. For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need. Hebrews 4:14-16

But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.  Hebrews 7:24, 25

Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens; A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man. For every high priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to offer. Hebrews 8:1-3

But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building; Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us. Hebrews 9:11, 12

And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. Hebrews 9:15

For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us: Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others; For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. Hebrews 9:24-26

completing the process of Atonement

Leviticus 16

And he said unto me, Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.  Daniel 8:14

preparing a home for His people

Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me. In my Father’s house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also. John 14:1-3

receiving the Kingdom

I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him. And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed. Daniel 7:13, 14

He said therefore, A certain nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom, and to return. Luke 19:12

Trouble for the Early Church

Paul wrote some things to the churches he started that have puzzled many since then.  Someone was trying to influence his converts in the wrong way and he was trying to protect them from these troublers.  Who were these troublers? What were the issues Paul was dealing with?  Let’s take a look.

How turn ye again? –

Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods. But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage? Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years. I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain.   Galatians 4:8-11

Who are the “no gods” that Paul is concerned about? Some think that the “days, and months, and times, and years” that the Galatians were turning back to were the Festivals spoken of in the Old Testament. From that line of reasoning, we would have to conclude that the “no gods” would be the God of Heaven. I doubt any true Christian would wish to call God in Heaven a “no god.” Maybe more careful study is the remedy for such confusion. We know that Paul kept the Feasts of Scripture, (without the sacrifices of course) as the book of Acts reveals.

But bade them farewell, saying, I must by all means keep this feast that cometh in Jerusalem: but I will return again unto you, if God will. And he sailed from Ephesus.   Acts 18:21

And we sailed away from Philippi after the days of unleavened bread, and came unto them to Troas in five days; where we abode seven days.   Acts 20:6

At Philippi Paul tarried to keep the passover. Only Luke remained with him, the other members of the company passing on to Troas to await him there. The Philippians were the most loving and true-hearted of the apostle’s converts, and he enjoyed a peaceful and happy visit with them during the eight days of the feast.  (Ellen G. White, The Acts of the Apostles, p. 196)

For Paul had determined to sail by Ephesus, because he would not spend the time in Asia: for he hasted, if it were possible for him, to be at Jerusalem the day of Pentecost.   Acts 20:16

Paul would not chastise the Galatians for keeping the Biblical Feasts when he observed them himself. But being concerned about them going back to their old pagan feasts with all their sexual orgies and idolatry makes logical sense. What else could “turn ye again” mean for those who were previously pagans and were in danger of going back to their pagan practices?

Some History
     I’d like to look at some historical evidence which might clarify some of the unclear things Paul is writing.
the Gnostics–
     In his book, From Sabbath to Sunday, Samuel Bacchiocchi speaks of some who were leading away from the Sabbath and Feasts by instituting other days of worship. Let’s read about this movement.

“Justin reduces the seventh day to a trademark of Jewish infidelity. To prove such a thesis he contends that the Sabbath was not observed before Moses, that God Himself did not keep it and that several persons in the Old Testament, like the priests, legitimately broke it.

“These ‘proofs’ became the standard repertory utilized in the controversy not only by the Fathers but even by Gnostic sects . . .

“The Gnostics, in fact, who, as J. Danielou points out, “were decided enemies of Judaism, were carried away by this theme [ i.e. eighth day ], since it enabled them to do away with the “Jewish Sabbath.” (Bacchiocchi, From Sabbath to Sunday, p. 286, para 1-3)

The Gnostics were promoting eighth-day worship, which is really first-day worship – Sunday worship instead of Sabbath worship, and Easter instead of Passover.

Who were these Gnostics? Let’s study into their history a bit further. Here is some information on the Gnostics from two websites on the internet. Please keep in mind as you read these quotes that the authors are not Christians. I am quoting them merely for their descriptions of Gnosticism.

from www.earlychristianwritings.com

“A one-sentence description of Gnosticism: a religion that differentiates the evil god of this world (who is identified with the god of the Old Testament) from a higher more abstract God revealed by Jesus Christ, a religion that regards this world as the creation of a series of evil archons/powers who wish to keep the human soul trapped in an evil physical body, a religion that preaches a hidden wisdom or knowledge only to a select group as necessary for salvation or escape from this world.

“The term “gnostic” derives from “gnosis,” which means “knowledge” in Greek. The Gnostics believed that they were privy to a secret knowledge about the divine, hence the name. (Huxley coined “agnosticism” on the basis that all knowledge must be based on reason. We cannot rationally claim to have access to knowledge that is beyond the powers of the intellect.)

“There are numerous references to the Gnostics in second century proto-orthodox literature. Most of what we know about them is from the polemic thrown at them by the early Church Fathers. They are alluded to in the Bible in the pastorals (spurious Paulines of 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus), for example 1 Tm 1:4 and 1 Tm 6:20, and possibly the entirety of Jude. Ignatius of Antioch writes against them as well as Docetism, a doctrine closely related to Gnosticism that stated that Christ was pure spirit and had only a phantom body. Second Clement is a document aimed at refuting early second century Gnosticism. Marcion was the most famous of the Gnostics, and he established a “canon” of the Pauline epistles (minus the pastorals) and a “mutilated” Luke (presumably considered so because it lacked proof-texts such as Lk 22:43-44). Justin Martyr mentioned him c. 150 CE, and Irenaeus and Tertullian wrote against him extensively in the late second century (in Against Heresy and Against Marcion, respectively).

“Some scholars have theorized that Gnosticism has its roots in pre-Christian religions, instead of being merely an offshoot of Christianity.”

from www.jesusneverexisted.com/gnostic

“The Samaritan “Simon the Magus” was an early Jewish Gnostic who inspired both the mystical “Kabala” (a refinement of Pythagorean “magic” numbers) and later Christian Gnostics – Basilides, Saturninus, Carpocrates among them. Later Catholic writers demonized the poor guy. He may actually be the figure on whom the apostle Paul is based!

“Simon goes unmentioned in the Gospels but in Acts he has “bewitched” all the people of Samaria. “They all gave heed, from the least to the greatest, saying, ‘This man is the great power of God.’ And to him they had regard, because that of long time he had bewitched them with sorceries.” Acts 8.10,11″

This second web site is very gnostic and very opposed to Christianity. But it is interesting to see what it says about the origin of Gnosticism.

About the time of Paul’s second arrest, Peter also was apprehended and thrust into prison. He had made himself especially obnoxious to the authorities by his zeal and success in exposing the deceptions and defeating the plots of Simon Magus the sorcerer, who had followed him to Rome to oppose and hinder the work of the gospel. Nero was a believer in magic, and had patronized Simon. He was therefore greatly incensed against the apostle, and was thus prompted to order his arrest.  (Ellen G. White, Spirit of Prophecy, Book 3, p. 436)

What did the Gnostics teach in addition to Sunday worship?

“The Gnostics separated matter from thought. They concluded that matter was evil, and formulated the idea that the possession of knowledge was the only requirement for salvation. This is why they did not want to attribute humanity to Jesus Christ because to them, material things were evil. Docetism resulted, which taught that the body of Christ was something that only appeared material, but in reality it was only spiritual. Such a belief led to an immoral life, for since the spirit was separated from the physical body, they ignored their responsibility for the actions done in the body. This is the reason why Paul stressed that “. . . in him [Jesus Christ, as He appeared on earth], dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily” (v. 9). Jesus was truly God in the flesh (John 1:14). As a result of the philosophical concept of the evil of the body, the Gnostics ignored or diminished the significance of the historic facts of the ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ as not being real but simply apparent. To them, all the secrets of God were in the mind, or appearing in an immaterial identity. The result was a complete denial of sexual and other bodily appetites (i.e., one being virtual asceticism and the other a practice of unrestrained indulgence of the body [vv. 20-23]).”   (footnote on Colossians 2 in The Complete Word Study New Testament, Spiros Zodhiates, editor)

These strange philosophical ideas about evil matter and spiritual knowledge, and Jesus not having a physical body are what John addresses in 1 John and 2 John where he warns of the dangers of antichrist.

“Many early Christians migrated to Rome in the wake of the Jewish war. Among them was Valentinus, Marcion, a wealthy ship owner from Pontus, and Cerdo, who established a school in which the new theology was taught. The gnostic leaders openly proclaimed that all things Jewish should be discarded. They declared that the God of the Old Testament was an inferior god, the deity of the lower, material world.

“Having jettisoned “Jewish practices”, familiarity with the Greek “mystery religions” led the Gnostics to copy their style. Within an inner circle of adepts a secret “higher Wisdom” was passed orally from Master to Initiate. Their claim to authority rested on earlier holy men, apostles and sages, who, it was said, had entrusted arcane knowledge to their favourite disciples, the founders of the gnostic sects.

“The cults, as competitive clubs, vied with each other for acolytes, with some groups committed to asceticism and the denial of all “pleasures of the flesh” and others to indulgence, in which sex, revelry and all manner of dissolute behaviour were encouraged. Their common goal was to find “the Christ within.”   (from www.jesusneverexisted.com/gnostic)

What do these paragraphs tell us that the Gnostics believed? A strange mixture indeed.

1. Jesus was not truly a flesh-and-blood human
2. all things Jewish should be discarded
3. the God of the Old Testament was inferior to the God revealed by Jesus
(see also the first paragraph in the quote from www.earlychristianwritings.com above)
4. true religion was a secret only for the initiated
5. asceticism
6. denial of all pleasure
7. indulgence in sex and revelry

8. finding the christ within

Some comments on the above points:

1. If Jesus was not truly real and human, then everything He “supposedly” did was not real – no real suffering, no real blood shed, no real death, no real resurrection, no real atonement. Everything about Him would be merely an illusion and we would have no salvation in Him.

2. This idea is still echoed today by Christian churches in many ways such as: “The law of God was nailed to the cross.”   “The Law of Moses (which is really the Law of God) was nailed to the cross.”

But what did Jesus say?

Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.  Matthew 5:17-18

Then He goes on to say what law will not pass till heaven and earth pass away.

Matthew 5:21 murder (Exodus 20:13)
Matthew 5:27 adultery (Exodus 20:14)
Matthew 5:31 divorce (Deuteronomy 24:1)
Matthew 5:33 oaths (Leviticus 19:12)
Matthew 5:38 eye for eye, tooth for tooth (Leviticus 24:20)

Mathew 5: 43 love your neighbor, hate your enemy (Leviticus 19:18, Deuteronomy 23:6)

Jesus said He did not come to destroy these Laws. Instead He expanded on the spirit of the Law behind the letter. To say that the letter was eliminated but we keep the spirit of the Law would be like saying, “I love my wife, so I will keep the spirit of not committing adultery. But the letter was nailed to the cross, so I can find a prostitute and have sex with her, and as long as I pretend in my mind that it’s my wife, I don’t violate the spirit of the law.” If we violate the letter of the Law, we have already violated the spirit. And if the eye for an eye principle was used in our courts today, how few law suits would come to court! The damages would often be too small to even pay the lawyer’s fees.

In these verses, Jesus refers to two of the Ten Commandments and four items from the “Law of Moses.” So according to our Lord, none of these laws were destroyed by his death, not one jot or tittle. The only thing nailed to the cross was that which was the remedy for the breaking of the Law – the sacrifices, sanctuary, and priestly offices and ministrations. Prior to the cross, these were all done by faith in the Messiah who was to come. If there was no faith, there was no atonement. The Gospel was by faith then as it is now.

So, were all things Jewish discarded? Absolutely not! That is a Gnostic teaching.

3. Is the God of the Old Testament different from and inferior to the God that Jesus revealed? What does scripture say?

For I am the LORD, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed.   Malachi 3:6

God does not change! Jesus and the Father were one. The God of the Old Testament is the same as in the New. But how often we hear these sentiments echoed from Christians today: God is so harsh in the OT; Jesus is so nice in the NT. Actually, the NT speaks of judgment just as much as the OT and the OT describes God’s patience and mercy just as vividly as the NT.

4. Religion of secrets?

Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing.   John 18:20

5. and 6. Asceticism and denying all pleasure

They refused marriage and would do things to mortify the body. They ate very little food of only the plainest type. This is what Paul refers to in Colossians 2.

Let no man beguile you of your reward in a voluntary humility and worshipping of angels, intruding into those things which he hath not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind, . . . (Touch not; taste not; handle not; Which all are to perish with the using;) after the commandments and doctrines of men? Which things have indeed a shew of wisdom in will worship, and humility, and neglecting of the body; not in any honour to the satisfying of the flesh.  Colossians 2:18, 21-23

The Essenes–

Another group, similar to the Gnostics, were the Essenes (or Essens as Josephus refers to them in the following paragraphs).

“These Essens reject pleasures as an evil, but esteem continence, and the conquest over our passions, to be virtue. They neglect wedlock, but choose out other persons children, while they are pliable, and fit for learning, and esteem them to be of their kindred, and form them according to their own manners. They do not absolutely deny the fitness of marriage, and the succession of mankind thereby continued; but they guard against the lascivious behaviour of women, and are persuaded that none of them preserve their fidelity to one man.

“. . . while they go, after a pure manner, into the dining-room, as into a certain holy temple, and quietly set themselves down; upon which the baker lays them loaves in order; the cook also brings a single plate of one sort of food, and sets it before every one of them;

“. . . and that he will neither conceal any thing from those of his own sect, nor discover any of their doctrines to others, no, not though anyone should compel him so to do at the hazard of his life. Moreover, he swears to communicate their doctrines to no one any otherwise than as he received them himself; that he will abstain from robbery, and will equally preserve the books belonging to their sect, and the names of the angels * [or messengers]. These are the oaths by which they secure their proselytes to themselves.

“[* This mention of the “names of angels,” so particularly preserved by the Essens, (if it means more than those “messengers” which were employed to bring, them the peculiar books of their Sect,) looks like a prelude to that “worshipping of angels,” blamed by St. Paul, as superstitious and unlawful, in some such sort of people as these Essens were, Colossians 2:8; as is the prayer to or towards the sun for his rising every morning, mentioned before, sect. 5, very like those not much later observances made mention of in the preaching of Peter, Authent. Rec. Part II. p. 669, and regarding a kind of worship of angels, of the month, and of the moon, and not celebrating the new moons, or other festivals, unless the moon appeared. Which, indeed, seems to me the earliest mention of any regard to the phases in fixing the Jewish calendar, of which the Talmud and later Rabbins talk so much, and upon so very little ancient foundation.] (A footnote added by the publisher of this volume.)

“But for those that are caught in any heinous sins, they cast them out of their society; and he who is thus separated from them does often die after a miserable manner; for as he is bound by the oath he hath taken, and by the customs he hath been engaged in, he is not at liberty to partake of that food that he meets with elsewhere, but is forced to eat grass, and to famish his body with hunger, till he perish; for which reason they receive many of them again when they are at their last gasp, out of compassion to them, as thinking the miseries they have endured till they came to the very brink of death to be a sufficient punishment for the sins they had been guilty of.”   (The Life of Flavius Josephus-Antiquities of the Jews, Volume One, p. 673-675)

These excerpts from Josephus serve to illustrate some of the beliefs and teachings of the Essenes – the worship of angels, self-abasement, sun and moon worship, dietary restrictions, refusal to marry, etc. They were not even allowed to eat food that had not been blessed by the Essene leadership, so they would starve outside the group.

Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days: Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.   Colossians 2:16, 17

This is referring to the Gnostic regulations of these Festivals, various aspects of eating, drinking, and timing. They could hardly have a feast on the diet specified by the Essenes. God had not prescribed fasting on His Festivals. They were to be a celebration commemorating joyful events in the history of the Jewish nation and in the progression of His Plan of Salvation – deliverance from sin and death, the gift of the Law and the Spirit, anticipation of the eternal kingdom. But there was an agenda behind the feasting / fasting issue.

“Since Easter-Sunday, . . . differentiate(d) the Christian Passover from that of the Jews, it is possible that the weekly Sabbath fast arose contemporaneously as an extension of the annual paschal Sabbath fast.” (Bacchiocchi, From Sabbath to Sunday, pp. 190, 191)

One can see that fasting was made an issue during Sabbath and Festival times. Dr. Bacchiocchi goes on to show how this fasting was the catalyst used by the Roman Church, which adopted many of these pagan-gnostic rites, to change from God’s worship days to man’s worship days. This is a major emphasis in his book with many pages dedicated to a clearer understanding of this issue.

One man esteemeth one day above another: another esteemeth every day alike. Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind. He that regardeth the day, regardeth it unto the Lord; and he that regardeth not the day, to the Lord he doth not regard it. He that eateth, eateth to the Lord, for he giveth God thanks; and he that eateth not, to the Lord he eateth not, and giveth God thanks.   Romans 14:5, 6

This is referring back to the man-made days for fasting which the Jews and the Gnostics had in abundance.

Speak unto all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh month, even those seventy years, did ye at all fast unto me, even to me?   Zechariah 7:5

Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts; therefore love the truth and peace.   Zechariah 8:19

Notice that these fast days were not the Feast days given by God. The Jews commemorated various events in the history of Jerusalem by setting aside fast days in the 4th, 5th, 7th, and 10th months. The days God had specified were not left to personal discretion, nor had He told them to fast on any of His Feast days except the Day of Atonement. The Jews had multiplied their fast days by the time of Christ. Paul does not condemn these man-made fast days but merely says that fasting on a certain day or feasting on that day really doesn’t matter as long as you keep the Lord foremost in your mind. It should be to God’s glory whichever way you choose to spend the day.

“Even the strictest Jewish sects objected to fasting on the Sabbath.”   (Bacchiocchi, From Sabbath to Sunday, p. 187)

7. Sensual pleasures: While there was a cloak of piety, there was hidden corruption of all kinds as can be observed in the lives of the descendents of this sect – the Catholic Priests.

8. Finding the christ within: What we see in the New Age Movement, Spiritual Formation, etc. is nothing new. It’s the same old “man is god” idea that has been around for thousands of years.

From the above evidence and many more historical documents, it seems that the significant problem that Paul was addressing in many places in his letters to the various churches was the infiltration of this dangerous mix of Jewish-Gnostic-Christian beliefs. Paul was accused by the Jews of teaching against their ways but he refuted their claims. (Acts 21:20-28; 23:1-5; 24:5-21; 25:8; 28:17, 18) He was not trying to turn his converts from the eternal things God had given His people but from the things others were attempting to introduce to them (Gnostic, Essene, and Jewish rabbinical rites and regulations) and from returning to their former pagan ways.

The Serpent and the Saviour

The Story: The children of Israel were traveling through the wilderness and they rebelled against God, again.

And the LORD sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died.  Numbers 21:6

What did God tell Moses to do?

And the LORD said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a pole: and it shall come to pass, that every one that is bitten, when he looketh upon it, shall live.   Numbers 21:8

What is the Serpent?

And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.   Revelation 12:9

And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, Revelation 20:2

The Serpent is a symbol of Satan, sin, and all that is connected with it. But why did Moses put the Fiery Serpent on the pole? And why could the people be healed by looking at it?

Let’s read what Jesus said to Nicodemus concerning this.

And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up: That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life. For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. John 3:14-16

As the snake was lifted up on the pole in the wilderness, so Jesus was to be lifted up upon the cross. Why?

“That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.”

This is strange symbolism indeed! How can Jesus be represented under the symbolism of a serpent?

God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them;  . . . For he hath made him (Jesus) to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.  2 Corinthians 5:19, 21

For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh:  Romans 8:3

Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree:  Galatians 3:13

Amazing revelation! Jesus was made sin for us! He came in the likeness of sinful flesh and took upon Himself the curse, “being made a curse for us.”

There is more. …

And the LORD said unto him (Moses), What is that in thine hand? And he said, A rod. And he said, Cast it on the ground. And he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from before it. And the LORD said unto Moses, Put forth thine hand, and take it by the tail. And he put forth his hand, and caught it, and it became a rod in his hand:  Exodus 4:2-4

Who is the “Rod”?

And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots: And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD; And shall make him of quick understanding in the fear of the LORD: and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears:  Jeremiah 11:1-3

If you read the entire chapter of Jeremiah 11 it is clear that the “Rod out of the stem of Jesse” is Jesus, the Messiah.

What happened when Moses threw the rod down on the earth?

And he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent . . .  Exodus 4:3

What happened to Jesus when He came down to this earth?

For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin.  2 Corinthians 5:21

Jesus, the perfect Son of God came to this earth and became sin for us that He might destroy Him that had the power of sin – the devil, “that old serpent.”

What happened when Aaron threw down his rod before Pharaoh?

And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent. Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments. For they cast down every man his rod, and they became serpents: but Aaron’s rod swallowed up their rods.  Exodus 7:10-12

What did Jesus do?

Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil;  Hebrews 2:14

And what happened with the rod of Aaron? It became a serpent when it was cast to the earth, and it ate up and destroyed the other serpents. Then it became a rod again when Aaron took it by the tail.

Jesus, the Rod, came to this earth to become sin, that He might destroy sin (the other serpents). Then He ascended back to Heaven to once again become the “Rod.” He is now seated at the right hand of God.

What a wonderful thought! What an amazing sacrifice! There is nothing in the universe that God hates so much as sin, and yet Jesus consented to take upon Himself that hated sin that He might thereby save those who had come under the power of sin. Now He says,

I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death.   Revelation 1:18

As the serpent was lifted up in the wilderness, so the Son of God was lifted up on the cross, that sinners from the ends of the earth might look and live. Multitudes are still suffering from the deadly sting of that old serpent, the devil. The effects of sin can be removed only by the provision which God has made. Here, alone, hope and salvation can be found. As the Israelites saved their lives by looking upon the brazen serpent, so sinners can look to Christ and live. Unlike that inert and lifeless symbol, Christ has power and virtue in himself, to heal the suffering, repenting, bleeding sinner.   Signs of the Times, 10-28-1880

Nothing less than a practical acceptance and application of divine truth opens the kingdom of God to man. Only a pure and lowly heart, obedient and loving, firm in the faith and service of the Most High, can enter there. Jesus also declares that as “Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have eternal life.” The serpent in the wilderness was lifted up on a pole before the people, that all who had been stung unto death by the fiery serpent, might look upon this brazen serpent, a symbol of Christ, and be instantly healed. But they must look in faith, or it would be of no avail. Just so must men look upon the Son of man as their Saviour unto eternal life. Man had separated himself from God by sin. Christ brought his divinity to earth, veiled by humanity, in order to rescue man from his lost condition. Human nature is vile, and man’s character must be changed before it can harmonize with the pure and holy in God’s immortal kingdom. This transformation is the new birth. Signs of the Times 11-15-1883

So how does Christ’s sacrifice affect us?

These things I (Jesus) have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.  John 16:33

Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us.  Romans 8:34

Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him that loved us.  Romans 8:37

For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world: and this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith. Who is he that overcometh the world, but he that believeth that Jesus is the Son of God?  1 John 5:4, 5

And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death.  Revelation 12:11

And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God. And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints.  Revelation 15:2, 3

And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.  Romans 16:20

Do you want to go to Heaven?

We humans have a problem: we are sinners separated from God and we will die eternally unless something is done to change our situation.

All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God.  Romans 3:23

The wages of sin is death.  Romans 6:23

We do not automatically go to heaven. Regardless of how “good” we may have been, we are sinners separated from a holy God and living in a sinful world; and without God’s special intervention, we are doomed to die eternally. We must make some conscious choices and there needs to be a significant change in our life in order for us to go to heaven. The solution to this problem of sin and death includes several things:

1. God loves each one of us very much and wants to save us.

For God loved the world so much, that He gave His only Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish, but have eternal life. For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn it, but to save it.  John 3:16, 17

2. Eternal life comes only through knowing God and receiving Him in our lives.

This is life eternal, that they might know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom You have sent.  John 17:3

But as many as received Him, to them He gave power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on His name.  John 1:12

3. Our basic human nature needs to be changed: we need God to put His Holy Spirit in us.

The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it?  Jeremiah 17:9

Jesus answered, Truly, truly, I tell you, Unless a man is born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.  John 3:5

4. In order for God to change and renew us, we need to recognize and admit our sinfulness.

If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.  1 John 1:9

Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew a right spirit within me.  Psalm 51:10

God promises that no matter how bad our sin problem is, He can change us and clean us.

Come now, and let us reason together, says the LORD: thought your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red like crimson, they shall be as wool.  Isaiah 1:18

Jesus will not reject us if we come sincerely wanting what He offers.

All that the Father gives me will come to me; and he that comes to me I will certainly not cast out.  John 6:37

I have come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly.  John 10:10

We can have our sinful life cleaned up when we believe God and accept His plan for us.

Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.  Romans 5:1

But without faith it is impossible to please Him; for he who comes to God must believe that His is, and that He is a rewarder of them that diligently seek Him. Hebrews 11:6

After we have received God’s gracious forgiveness, we need to put effort toward changing our sinful ways.

Afterward Jesus found him in the temple, and said to him, Look, you are made whole; sin no more, lest a worse thing come to you.  John 5:14

Jesus said to her, Neither do I condemn you: go, and sin no more.  John 8:11

We can grow and change only with God’s help.

Grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.  2 Peter 3:18

Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. For it is God who works in you both to want and to do His good pleasure.  Philippians 2:12, 13

Here are some areas that need to be changed and developed in our lives and characters.

Make every effort to add to your faith moral excellence; and to moral excellence knowledge; and to knowledge self-control; and to self-control patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness love.  2 Peter 1:5-7

When God’s Spirit is working in our lives, we will show these characteristics:

The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, self-control.  Galatians 5:22, 23

God has a marvelous future prepared for those who live for Him now.

Do not let your heart be troubled: you believe in God, believe also in Me. In my Father’s house are many mansions: if is were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself; that where I am, you may be also.  John 14:1-3

God wants to help us with our struggles in this life.

Being confident of this very thing, that He who has begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ.  Philippians 1:6

Cast all your care upon Him, for He cares for you. 1 Peter 5:7

If you want what God has to offer you, pray this prayer:

Lord, I realize that I am a sinner and I need you. I want you to forgive me and save me. Come into my life right now; clean me up and help me to live to honor you from this time onward. Thank you.

Lessons from Leprosy

And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and his head bare, and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean. All the days wherein the plague shall be in him he shall be defiled; he is unclean: he shall dwell alone; without the camp shall his habitation be. Lev 13:45, 46

How would you react if you heard that someone in your church had AIDS?! Would you wonder who it is so you could avoid them? What thoughts would you have about their lifestyle and reputation?

People’s ideas about leprosy in those long-ago days were sort of like many of our thoughts about AIDS today. Think of how you would react if you were shaking hands with someone and they told you that they had AIDS. You would probably gulp, blink, let go of their hand, back up, avoid them, etc. We immediately think about how contagious it is, how terminal it is, and of course the lifestyle that is usually associated with it. It was the same with leprosy except with the added concept that “this person is obviously a terrible sinner that God is punishing. I don’t dare have anything to do with them.”

Of all diseases known in the East the leprosy was most dreaded. Its incurable and contagious character, and its horrible effect upon its victims, filled the bravest with fear. Among the Jews it was regarded as a judgment on account of sin, and hence was called “the stroke,” “the finger of God.” Deep-rooted, ineradicable, deadly, it was looked upon as a symbol of sin. By the ritual law, the leper was pronounced unclean. Like one already dead, he was shut out from the habitations of men. Whatever he touched was unclean. The air was polluted by his breath. One who was suspected of having the disease must present himself to the priests, who were to examine and decide his case. If pronounced a leper, he was isolated from his family, cut off from the congregation of Israel, and was doomed to associate with those only who were similarly afflicted. The law was inflexible in its requirement. Even kings and rulers were not exempt. A monarch who was attacked by this terrible disease must yield up the scepter, and flee from society.

“Away from his friends and his kindred, the leper must bear the curse of his malady. He was obliged to publish his own calamity, to rend his garments, and sound the alarm, warning all to flee from his contaminating presence. The cry, “Unclean! unclean!” coming in mournful tones from the lonely exile, was a signal heard with fear and abhorrence.” DA 262

There are at least three cases in the Bible where God used leprosy as a punishment for sin: Miriam (Numbers 12); Gehazi (2 Kings 5); King Uzziah (2 Chronicles 26). But I would like to suggest that God did not invent leprosy just for that purpose. It’s a result of living in a sinful world. God required that this type of problem be put under strict quarantine to protect the rest of the people from an epidemic.

I would like to share several lessons from leprosy and how it is a good symbol or metaphor for sin.

Sin and evil is contagious–it spreads very easily.

When Lucifer invented his rebellious ideas in heaven, he was able to infect 1/3 of the other angels with them. When Adam and Eve had a family, the sin problem spread to all of them. And there are many examples all through the Bible and in history when anger, rebellion, and other kinds of evil spread like wildfire through whole groups of people. Sin is extremely contagious.

Sin is ugly in its process just like leprosy .

We can see all kinds of awful stuff around us that is a result of the sin epidemic. Isn’t it interesting that the things that God designed to be so good and beautiful when they are done His way can be so terrible when they are done Satan’s way.

Sin is terminal.

God told Adam and Eve that they would die if they disobeyed. He designed it that way; not that He designed sin, but He designed His system in such a way that sin would destroy itself. He designed us to live and function under the complete direction of His spirit in all aspects of our lives. When Adam and Eve did that, things were great. When they didn’t and when we don’t, everything deteriorates. Turning away from God, doing things our way instead of His way will always result in death and destruction. Sometimes that result comes immediately, sometimes it is slower; but it will come.

For the wages of sin is death . . . Romans 6:23

There is no hope of recovery from this plague without God’s direct intervention. We are born with a sinful nature and there is absolutely nothing we can do about it by ourselves.

Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots? then may ye also do good, that are accustomed to do evil. Jeremiah 13:23

When you go out to some of the old cemeteries, you can find many grave stones with the same year marked on them, like 1918. Many of them are the graves of young people, some just babies. They died in the flu epidemics that came through the area. Sometimes whole families were wiped out. If only there could have been some way to isolate and control the germs early, it would have prevented so much trouble and sorrow.

Drastic action is sometimes necessary to control sin.

God had to take drastic action to quarantine sin and control its spread just like leprosy had to be strictly quarantined in Bible times and maybe other diseases should have been. It is because sin is contagious and awful and terminal that God threw Lucifer and his followers out of heaven, Adam and Eve were sent out of the garden, and this earth is isolated from contact with other sinless beings in the universe. It’s terrible, but it had to be that way in order to protect others.

Drastic action may be required in your own personal life where sin is discovered.

And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. Matthew 5:29, 30

Jesus is basically saying that if there is something that you are seeing or doing that you recognize as a moral problem–as sin, as something that comes between you and God–do whatever is necessary to get it out of your life even if it is a really drastic measure. In the verse just before this He was talking to men about looking at women.

But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. Matthew 5:28

Men, what goes through your thoughts when you are going down the street on a hot day and you see her walking there? How much do you look? Or you are watching TV and a commercial comes on? What happens in your mind when it’s flashed in front of you? Do you linger for some mental enjoyment? or do you choose to turn away from it? Or for anyone, what about the TV with its soap operas, sports, news and other violent or corrupt shows. Or maybe it’s books, magazines, internet or DVD’s that are the source of corruption in our hearts and thoughts. We just get used to it and soon come to enjoy it and become addicted to it. These are just a few examples of some leprosy problems that can be a part of our lives. We may overlook them, but God doesn’t.

For he that will love life, and see good days, let him refrain his tongue from evil, and his lips that they speak no guile: Let him eschew evil, and do good; let him seek peace, 1 Peter 3:10, 11

“Let him eschew evil.” That word eschew means “avoid, be startled and turn away, shy away from” like you avoid approaching a skunk, or you get very startled and probably run for your life when you hear a rattlesnake, or a horse will shy at something and jump to the side. That is how we should respond to evil. We can’t stop temptations from coming, but we can decide what we are going to do when they pop up. We can’t stop the devil from displaying his stuff and urging us to take it, but we don’t have to make the purchase.

When temptation shows up, the choices we make will have eternal consequences. Whatever we do or think that follows God’s ways will build us up into His image. But anything we do or think that is outside of His plan will do some kind of damage in our lives. We may not recognize or understand it but the damage is done. We may have to take some drastic action to keep our minds pure, to protect our relationships with God and our spouses and other people.

Sin is contagious, ugly, and terminal; and may require some difficult and severe measures to bring it under control. God doesn’t want anything in our lives that will separate us from Him or create problems with other people. He doesn’t want the leprosy–the cancer–of sin to destroy us, so He tells us to do whatever is necessary to protect ourselves, to guard our minds, and guide our choices.

Leprosy was usually terminal as Jesus implied in Luke 4:27, but it was not necessarily that way because God made provisions in Leviticus 14 for the cleansing and restoration of a leper if he was healed.

There is another aspect to this leprosy issue that teaches me something very important about God.

And there came a leper to him, beseeching him, and kneeling down to him, and saying unto him, If thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. And Jesus, moved with compassion, put forth his hand, and touched him, and saith unto him, I will; be thou clean. Mark 1:40, 41

Imagine this man, coming in his rags (remember, he was supposed to tear his clothes), looking like parts of him were already dead, and smelling like that, too. Everyone tried to get out of his way or to stop him from coming too close without actually touching him. He didn’t care, he just wanted to get to Jesus to make that desperate request. I like what it says–Jesus was filled with compassion and reached out and touched the man and healed him. Everyone else was scared and avoiding him and thinking, “What a terrible sinner!” But God didn’t hate him, He hadn’t struck him with the plague because of some sin. He loved him, He didn’t want him to suffer, He wanted him to be well and happy again. That’s what Jesus was saying when He answered him, “I want to heal you.”

Here again we can compare leprosy to sin. God hates sin but He loves the person and He wants the sin problem to be cleared up. He loves people no matter what kind of sinner they might be. Sin causes us all sorts of trouble and sorrow and pain, and it will ultimately destroy us. It has caused Him a lot of trouble, too, but He doesn’t hold it against us when we want to get right with Him. He doesn’t have the attitude, “You have offended me and I don’t like you because of what you have done.” He doesn’t think like that. He tells us that all types of sin can be forgiven. Even those who killed Jesus were forgivable because God has a forgiving attitude toward us.

You might have broken any of the commandments 500 times in a row, but when you recognize your condition–that you are separated from God, that you have made bad choices, that you have been part of Satan’s rebellion against God, and that you will ultimately be destroyed–when you choose to turn back to God and get right with Him, YOU ARE FORGIVEN. He has compassion, you are not too corrupt for Him to accept, even though others might reject you or you might hate yourself for what you have done. You might feel like you are totally worthless because others have treated you like that all your life, or maybe someone has even said to you something like, “You worthless, no-good scum. You will never amount to anything.” But to God, you are worth a lot. It might seem like nobody could ever love you because nobody ever has before, but God loves you. He’s not like us humans. God is like Jesus who forgave prostitutes and thieves and murderers. He healed leprosy and I bet He would have healed AIDS, too, if someone had come to Him with it.

We can learn a lot about God’s forgiveness from seeing how he treated those with leprosy. And it is a reminder to us of how we should treat those who appear “unclean,” the scum of society, the rejects of the community, those whose lifestyle includes things we don’t approve of. We ourselves have done a lot of things that God doesn’t approve of but He loves us anyway. Can we learn to look beyond people’s actions, the stuff they have done or are still doing, and see value in them personally? Can we overlook the fact that they don’t keep their home the way we keep ours, or they smell a little different, or they have a prison record or a shady reputation? Can we see them as a person in need of acceptance and love and care, and just as valuable to God as we are? I hope so.

And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. Matthew 25:40

The lessons we can learn from leprosy are:

Sin is terrible in every way and will destroy us if we don’t take care of it with God’s help.

We need to do whatever it takes to keep sin out of our lives even if it means some drastic action like getting rid of something we actually enjoy.

God overlooks all of the garbage in our lives and sees the value in us personally and loves us with an incredible love.

We need to do that for others–every human being desperately needs that kind of love and caring.

I am looking forward to the time when all this leprosy of sin will be cleared up and we won’t have to be under quarantine anymore.